Best books for JEE Advanced – Best book for JEE preparations – eSaral

Hey, are you looking for the best books for JEE Advanced preparations? If yes. Then you are at the right place.

If you want to get a good rank in JEE Advanced exam then it is very important for you to refer a good book for JEE Advanced Exam preparations along with other study material. A good book will help you to understand the important concepts of subjects.

If you get a good rank in JEE Advanced Exam then you can get the Admission for Engineering in top IIT’s. But getting a good rank in JEE Advanced is not easy. It requires lots of Handwork and dedication.

In this article, we have listed the best books that are recommended by Kota’s top IITian faculties to prepare for JEE Advanced Exam.

There are so many books available in the market to prepare for JEE Advanced Exam. but if you are looking for the best books that will not only help you to understand the concepts but it will also help you to build a good foundation to understand the Advanced topics then you can choose any book from below list.

## Best Books for JEE Advanced Mathematics

A good book of Mathematics can help you to understand different complex concepts in an easy way. If you want to become good at Mathematics then you can refer books mention below.

## Best Books for JEE Advanced Physics

If you want to get better at Physics then it is very important for you to refer a book that will help you to get better at the practical problem as well as theoretical problems. If you want to become good at Mathematics then you can refer books mention below.

## Best Books for JEE Advanced Chemistry

If you want to become good at Chemistry then you can refer books mention below.

### Best Book for Chemistry JEE Advanced

To prepare for your exam you can refer to any book from the above list and check the concepts and approaches that authors have used to solve the problems.

Always remember don’t use many books at a time refer only one book to study the concepts and use others for practice only

JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers

If you have any Confusion related to Best Books for JEE Advanced then feel free to ask in the comments section down below. If you liked this list then please share it with other students

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Best Books for JEE Main – Best book for JEE preparations – 2022

Hey, are you preparing for JEE Main 2022? If yes. Then you must know what are the best books for JEE Main that you should refer to understand different concepts and to build a good foundation to understand the advanced concepts of subjects.

There are a lot of different IIT JEE Mains preparation books available in the market that you can refer to start your studies but if you are looking for the best books that you can use to build a strong understanding of concepts then you are at the right place.

If you score well in JEE Main and Advanced exam then you can get admission to the most prestigious institutes of India such as IIT, NIT, IIIT, ISM, and other colleges. A candidate who studies engineering from IIT gets lots of job opportunities globally. That’s why getting Admission into IIT’s is not easy. It requires lots of Handwork and dedication.

NTA (National Testing Agency) conducts JEE Main exam twice a year. First in January and second in April and JEE Advanced is conducted by seven IIT’s on a rotational basis.

In this article, we have listed the best books that are recommended by Kota’s top IITian faculties to prepare for JEE Main Exams.

## Best book for JEE Main 2022 Mathematics

If you want to become better at Mathematics then it is very important for you to do a lot of practice to solve different types of Math problems. To solve complex Math problems you must have a deep understanding of concepts. The best books you can use to Prepare for JEE Main Exam and to understand different concepts to solve complex math problems are the following.

## Best Book for JEE Main Physics 2022

If you want to get better at physics then it is very important for you to refer to a book that will help you to get better at Practical problems as well as Theoretical problems. Below is the list of all Physics books that are recommended by top subject experts to prepare for exams like JEE Main.

## Best Book for JEE Main Chemistry 2022

Chemistry is a subject where students have to deal with lots of chemical reactions, Equations, and Theory. To become better at chemistry students can use the following books.

### Best books for Chemistry JEE Main

To prepare for your JEE Main exam just refer to any book from the above list and check the concepts and approaches that authors have used to solve the problems. If you want to boost your JEE Main exam preparations then you should also use previous year’s questions papers. by solving the previous year’s question papers you will get an idea about the Exam patterns, Important topics, and many other factors that are important from an exam perspective.

JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers

If you have any Confusion related to Best Books for JEE Main then feel free to ask in the comments section down below. If you liked this list then please share it with other students

To watch Free Learning Videos on physics by Saransh Gupta sir Install the eSaral App.

If you want to score good in JEE Main Exam then it is super important for you to solve JEE Main Previous year question papers. Previous year question papers of JEE Main EXAMS helps students to get the idea about the paper patter, Important topics, and so many different things that are important for JEE students.

In this post we have listed a wide list of JEE Main Previous year question papers. So you don’t have to go anywhere else to download the previous year question papers to boost your JEE Main exam preparations.

By solving Previous year question papers students will get the idea about the questions difficulty level. It allows students to get the idea about the exam pattern and it also helps students  to identify what are the most important topics to score better marks in exam.

## Benefits of Solving Previous year question papers

After Finishing your entire JEE Main Exam Syllabus the next step for the student is to do lots of practice to revise the concepts and to identify the weak points. To start the Practice and to do the revision you can use JEE Main Previous year question papers. These question papers will give the students an idea about what are the most important topics they must master to rank high in exams.

• It helps Students to Get the idea about the Exam Pattern.
• It helps students to build stamina to sit in the exam Hall and Focus on Exam.
• Helps Students to identify their strengths and Weakness.
• Previous Year Exam papers helps students to identify the difficulty level of the exam.
• By Solving Previous Year Question papers Students can overcome the Fear of Exam.
• It also gives the idea about the nature of questions.
• Most Importantly It helps students to improve the speed of solving questions.

## Preparation Tips

If you want to crack JEE Main Exam then it is very important for you to have a well structured study plan. Apart from the Academic skills you also need to be become better at multiple soft skills to score good in Exam such as

• Regular Revision
• Time Management
• Test After Learning New Concept
• Planning
• Focus

JEE Advanced Previous Year Question Papers

If you have any Confusion related to JEE Main previous year questions papers then fell free to ask in the comments section down below.

To watch Free Learning Videos on physics by Saransh Gupta sir Install the eSaral App.

JEE (MAIN) 2021 Chemistry 24 Feb 2021 (SHIFT-1)

Get the JEE Main 2021 Questions with Solution (Reproduced with Memory Retention) here predicted by eSaral faculties.

The paper are of 24 February,2021(SHIFT-1) Time: 9:00am to 12:00pm)

Duration : 3 Hours | Maximum Marks : 300

JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1  Physics Questions with Solutions

JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1 Mathematics Questions with Solutions

JEE (MAIN) 2021 Physics 24 Feb 2021 (SHIFT-1)

Get the JEE Main 2021 Questions with Solution (Reproduced with Memory Retention) here predicted by eSaral faculties.

The paper are of 24 February,2021(SHIFT-1) Time: 9:00am to 12:00pm)

Duration : 3 Hours | Maximum Marks : 300

JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1 Mathematics Questions with Solutions  JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1 Chemistry Questions with Solutions
JEE (MAIN) 2021 Mathematics 24 Feb 2021 – SHIFT 1

Get the JEE Main 2021 Questions with Solution (Reproduced with Memory Retention) here predicted by eSaral faculties.

The paper are of 24 February,2021(SHIFT-1) Time: 9:00am to 12:00pm)

Duration : 3 Hours | Maximum Marks : 300

JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1 Physics Questions with Solutions JEE MAIN 24 February 2021- Shift-1 Chemistry Questions with Solutions
[CONFIRMED] JEE Main will be conducted 4 times from 2021!
NTA has declared today on 15 December 2020  that JEE Main exam will be conducted 4 times in a year starting from February 2021. Important JEE dates For the year 2021 declared are as follows:
 Online submission of Application Form: 16.12.2020 to 16.01.2021 Date of Examination: 23-26 February, 2021 Timing of Examination First Shift 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (IST) Second Shift 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (IST) Last date for successful transaction of prescribed application fee 17.01.2021 Correction in particulars 19.01.2021 to 21.01.2021 (for February Session) Date of Examinations (Session 1): 23, 24, 25 & 26 February 2021 (Session 2): 15, 16, 17 & 18 March 2021 (Session 3): 27, 28, 29 & 30 April 2021 (Session 4): 24, 25, 26, 27 & 28 May 2021 Downloading of Admit Cards from NTA website Second week of February, 2021
The JEE (Main) is being conducted in multiple Sessions (February/March/April/May 2021) for admissions in the next academic session. The candidates will thus benefit in the following ways:
1. This will give multiple opportunities to the candidates to improve their scores in the examination if they fail to give their best in the first attempt without wasting their whole academic year.
2. In first attempt, the students will get a first-hand experience of taking an examination and will know their mistakes which they can improve while attempting for the next time.
3. This will reduce the chances of dropping a year and droppers would not have to waste a full year.
4. If anyone missed the examination due to reasons beyond control, then he/she will not have to wait for one full year.
The student’s best of the 2021 NTA Scores will be considered for preparation of Merit List/ Ranking.

HRD Minister Launches AI-powered Mock Test App for JEE & NEET Students
Union HRD Minister Mr Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank launched an AI-powered mock test App for JEE and NEET 2020 Students. Its an android app ‘National Test Abhyas’ for students who are going to appear in JEE Main 2020 and NEET 2020 examinations. NTA plans to release one new mock test on the app everyday, which students can then download and attempt offline. Once the test is completed, students can go online again to submit the test and view their test report. Every student is unique and requires specific guidance to detect and overcome gaps in knowledge and test-taking strategy. eSaral offers personalized learning platform where a student can study and attempt test at its own pace. eSaral also offers one to one Mentoring to help each and every student in academic and non-academic related issues.

#### Prepare for JEE & NEET with the Kota’s Top IITian & Doctor Faculties !

Quickly Revise All the Topics – Absolute FREE REVISION WITH MIND-MAPS!
This time is very crucial for all those who are preparing for the upcoming JEE and NEET Exams. To ensure that learnind doesn’t affect and no student is left behind in getting exposure to practice testing. Click Here to download eSaral App!

#### Why eSaral ?

eSaral offers a broad categories of mock tests for students preparing for JEE 2020 and NEET 2020 Examinations. With the Part and full syllabus mock tests, eSaral App also provides topic wise tests that are very helpful in analyzing weak and strong areas and also helpful in revising important concepts from each and every chapter individually.

### Importance of Practicing Mock Tests

1. Practicing Mock tests helps to re-examine the concepts that you have learned before.
2. It also helps in Analyzing the weak and strong areas. Always try to strengthen strong points and work optimistically on weaker sections.
3. Helps in improving Speed and presence of mind. As the students gets acclimatized to the types of questions asked in mock tests.
4. Time-Management: Time allotted for the exam is limited. Since the Exam will held in Online Mode, so practicing online mock tests will help the students to get acquainted with Exam duration and attempting exam in online mode rather than pen – paper. More practice will help the students in managing time between easy and difficult questions.
5. To Shed Exam Fear – To practice mock test works very efficiently in improving confidence level and eliminating exam fear. Practice 3 Hours at a stretch and solve questions for a sustained period of time without breaks.
6. Helps in developing right strategy to attempt exam.
Practicing mock tests helps the students in knowing where they stand so they can prepare better next time. Now we hope that you have understood the importance of JEE Main & NEET Mock Tests, make sure you sign up for mock test. Start Early to take a lead. Time waits for none.

Mathematics Revision series for JEE, Class 11 and 12

Revise complete Mathematics for Class 11, 12 & JEE on eSaral YouTube Channel. Get everything you are looking for JEE Preparation in this Mathematics Revision Series by N.K. Gupta Sir (M-tech from IIT Kanpur) and Vishnu Shrimal Sir (IIT-BHU).   Here you will get to know about important key concepts and all the important Formulae that are very important to solve conceptual problems that will come in main Exam.

### CLASS XI

TOPIC Revision Videos Mind Maps
Logarithm Revise Mindmap
Trigonometric Ratios Revise Mindmap
Trigonometric Equations Revise Mindmap
Limits Revise Mindmap
Continuity Revise Mindmap
Sequence and Series Revise Mindmap

### CLASS XII

TOPIC Revision Videos Mind Maps
Vector Revise Mindmap
3D Geometry Revise Mindmap
Relations & Functions Revise Mindmap
Inverse trigonometric Functions Revise Mindmap
Differentiability Revise Mindmap
Methods of Differentiation Revise Mindmap

Get JEE 2020 Revision Test Series Based on New NTA Pattern

If you want to crack exams like JEE & NEET, and you think that some of your concepts are missing. Then you must subscribe the channel now with bell icon. This is the best time to revise, don’t wait for more. This Ideal time will never come back in your life!!!

CRACK JEE 2020 | How to Prepare for JEE Main in last 2 Months
Less than 2 months remaining for JEE Main 2020 (July Attempt), but at the same time it is still possible to secure good percentile and an All India Rank to get qualified for JEE advanced and also to get admissions in some Top NIT’s. Read the complete article till the end to know How to Prepare for JEE Main in 2 Months. After a long wait the dates for JEE Main 2020 has finally been announced. The exam will be held between 18th and 23rd July 2020. Although students have had an extended preparation time ever since we got into preventive lockdown due to COVID 19 pandemic. Students were finding it bit difficult to concentrate in the absence of a specific target exam date. Now the students do have a specific date in front of them to look forward to. Whenever there is less time remaining, you have to put more effort into your studies to practice enough questions for good JEE preparation.

### JEE Main 2020 Exam Preparation Tips for Last two remaining months:

#### 1. Practice mock tests and solve previous year question papers

Solving previous year question papers of JEE Main and taking mock tests is extremely important to get a good rank in the exam. Attempt the various free mock tests available on eSaral App and get the feel of the actual exam and improve your time management skills.

Solve at least ONE full syllabus online test every week. Solve questions by applying your reasoning and analytical skills. Develop test taking strategy, it will evolve with more tests that you attempt. Also solve previous years JEE Main question paper bank. While taking the tests students should look at building the right exam temperament, adjusting the body clock and getting comfortable with test environment.

#### 2. Practice more and more conceptual problems and Clear your Doubts.

No matter what how big or small your doubt is, get it cleared. Download eSaral App & we will assist you in clarifying your doubts about a particular topic related to JEE Main. For clearing doubts on important topics and concepts, you can join a crash course.

Crash Course will also help you to complete class 11 & 12 JEE Topics covering both Mains & Advanced syllabus with complete package of test series. To know more about JEE 2020 Crash Course, CLICK HERE

#### 3. Effective Revision | Technique

Ensure you make a checklist of JEE Main syllabus with the list of topics/units against each subject – Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Tick off the important topics as and when you are done with revising the particular topic.

For Quick Revision with Mind- Maps Visit the given Links Below:

JEE Main is not difficult, rather it is predictable and tricky. Hence, clarity of concept and familiarity with the question type is essential to do well, so revision of concepts is the key. Prepare a list of concepts, topic-wise. Keep marking the concepts which are your weak areas. Keep referring to the notes&important formulae.

It is extremely important to be in question solving mode. So, after revising every concept/topic, solve an unsolved question. One must NOT refer to solution without an attempt to solve the question. So, sufficient time must be devoted. Identify mistakes and/or weak area & fix them instantly.You have to be quick and accurate too.

#### 4. Effective Revision with the help of Mind Maps & Flashcards

Have a large stack of flashcards handy. It should contain all the important JEE Main formulae, concepts and diagrams. These could also be used in the last minutes before JEE Main.Here are the list of Complete Mind Maps for Organic Chemistry & Physics

#### 5. Analyse & Strengthen your weak areas

Every time you take a mock test, Analyze your mistakes and weak areas. Work on the subjects, topics and units which are you are weak at. Resolve and strengthen them well before the actual exam takes place.

#### 6. Performance Analysis during practice test

Analyze your performance after every test. Subject wise weak areas needs to be identified and revisit those concepts all over again to eradicate them. Attempt Mock Tests available on eSaral App to get an instant test analysis with performance report.

Don’t panic about less months remaining for JEE preparation. You just need to focus on more study hours and practice to crack the JEE exam in remaining time. Your preparation in these final months before the exam will have a major impact on your performance and JEE Main percentile, ranks and scores. Furthermore, your time management skills clubbed with a positive attitude will make your chances of getting into the top tech institutes of the country better. Remember, it’s important to utilize each day efficiently to secure success in JEE Main 2020. Stay away from social networking sites for a few month. Also maintain a good health, as fitness goal is paramount during this time. Light exercise, healthy diet, good sleep are the key aspects to remain fit. Take all necessary precaution as prescribed by our government & health department.  Whatever is the score in JEE Main 2020 January exam, there will be an option to increase score & percentile in the upcoming attempt of JEE Main 2020.
Always have a positive mindset and Believe it that whatever you have prepared is more than enough for exams. A positive mindset helps you to retain more and you will be able to score well in exams. Kindly share your reviews and let us know the queries regarding JEE Main 2020 Exam. Drop your messages in the comment box below & let us help you with the correct guidance. All the best 🙂
JEE Advanced 2020 Admit Card (Postponed) | Exam on 23rd August ’20

• Visit the official website of JEE Advanced 2020
• Enter your JEE Advanced 2020 registration number, Date of Birth, Mobile number and email id to login
• JEE Advanced 2020 hall ticket will be displayed on the screen
• Check all the details printed on admit card thoroughly

#### Dates

• Server issues: Once JEE Advanced hall tickets will be released, successful applicants can download their respective admit card. The server may be down due to a sudden traffic surge on the website.

#### Errors in JEE Advanced admit card and ways to resolve them

• Discrepancy/ies in JEE Advanced admit card 2020: For discrepancy in the particulars (photograph/signature) mentioned on the JEE Advanced hall ticket or on the confirmation page, candidates should immediately get in touch with the JEE Advanced authorities.

### Documents to Carry to JEE Advanced Test Centre

Along with JEE Advanced 2020 admit card, candidates need to carry one of the following original photo identity proofs:
• School/ College ID
• Pan Card
• Passport

#### JEE Advanced Previous Year Question Papers are available here.

NTA JEE Main 2020, NEET 2020 Exam dates Announced | Check here for details

The exam dates for NTA JEE Main 2020, NEET 2020 announced by the Union Minister of Human Resource Development Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank on tuesday (5th May’20).

The JEE (Main) 2020 and NEET 2020 exams were earlier re-scheduled by the ministry, due to the nationwide lockdown in the wake of coronavirus outbreak. The new date for the JEE (Main) 2020 exams was since then awaited. The JEE Main exam will be conducted from July 18 to July 23, 2020, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank said. The NEET 2020 exam will be conducted on July 26, he said, while the JEE Advanced on 23rd August ’20.

### NEET 2020: Public Notice by NTA

According to the announcement, Union Minister of Human Resource Development Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank said the examination process for the JEE (Main) 2020 will begin from July this year, while the session will begin by August. The JEE Main exam will be conducted from July 18 to July 23, 2020, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank said. The NEET 2020 exam will be conducted on July 26, he said, while the JEE Advanced on 23rd August ’20.

CRASH COURSE to CRACK JEE MAIN 2020 | Register NOW

The date for the release of admit cards for JEE Main, NEET 2020 is yet not available. This was the second interaction between Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank and students. This session was earlier scheduled to be held on May 2, 2020. However, the same was postponed for May 5, for some reason.
Earlier he interacted on 27th April 2020 and answered some critical questions of students and their parents. According to the National Testing Agency (NTA), for JEE Main over nine lakh candidates have registered, on the other hand over 15.93 lakh students are likely to take up the NEET 2020 exams.

#### JEE Advanced Previous Year Question Papers are available here.

JEE Main 2020 April Exam Postponed due to Corona-virus
JEE Main 2020 April Exam has been postponed by NTA due to Corona-virus Outbreak. The exam was scheduled to be held on April 5, 7, 9 and 11. In recent notice at official website, National Testing Agency on Wednesday (18th march) took the decision to postpone the JEE Main April 2020 Examination in pursuance of MHRC letter. New dates of JEE Main likely to be decided on March 31, 2020. The new date will be decided in accordance with the board exams schedule and other competitive exams to ensure there is no clash. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) on Wednesday directed the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and all educational institutions in the country to postpone all exams including JEE Main till March 31 in view of coronavirus outbreak. MHRD also stated that “While maintenance of academic calendars and exam schedule is important, equally important is the safety and security of the students who are appearing in various exams as also that of their teachers and parents”. The Public Notice by NTA:
JEE Advanced 2020 Exam Date Announced, Check Syllabus – Important Information
Joint Entrance Examination, JEE Advanced or IIT JEE Exam dates 2020 have been announced. Union HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal today shared that the JEE Advanced 2020 would be conducted on August 23, 2020. The dates for JEE Main 2020 were announced on May 5 by the HRD Minister during a webinar with the students. JEE Main 2020 would be conducted from July 18 to July 23. Given the date of the JEE Advanced 2020, it can be suggested that the results of JEE Main 2020 are expected to be announced by August 10. The online application process for JEE Advanced 2020 would begin only after the final results of JEE Main 2020 are announced along with the JEE Main 2020 Ranks

#### JEE Main 2020 (Revised dates by MHRD): July 18th to July 23rd ’20

JEE Advanced is organised by one of seven Zonal Coordinating IIT’s guided by the Joint Admission Board (JAB). It is a National Level Engineering Entrance Exam for admission in the Bachelors, Integrated Masters and Dual Degree Programs. The exam will be conducted in online mode. Candidate needs to clear the JEE Main Exam to be eligible for the JEE Advanced Examination.

Results for JEE Advanced 2020 will tentatively be released by the IIT Delhi in the second week of August. The result will comprise the exam scores, All India Rank (AIR) of candidates, subject-wise marks, etc.

Students may please note that the timeline provided above is only based on the usual time frame followed by the IITs in regards the examination. The actual schedule would be announced by IIT Delhi in a few days time. IIT JEE or JEE Advanced 2020 is conducted by the IITs while JEE Main, the qualifier is conducted by National Testing Agency. Both JEE Main and JEE Advanced 2020 would be online or computer based tests.

### Eligibility Criteria

Candidates must fulfill one of the following two criteria in order to be eligible for admission at IIT:

1. Candidates must have secured at least 75% aggregate marks in the Class XII (or an equivalent) Board examination. The aggregate marks for SC, ST and PwD candidates should be at least 65%. Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics are required as compulsory subjects in Class XII (or equivalent) Board examination in 2019 or 2020.
2. Candidates must be within the category-wise top 20 percentile of successful candidates in their respective Class XII (or equivalent) board examination in 2019 or 2020 with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics as compulsory subjects.

The details regarding the JEE Advanced Exam pattern is given below:
• Online Mode: From 2020, the exam is conducted via online mode only.
• Number of Papers: JEE Advanced consists of two compulsory papers (Paper 1 and Paper 2).
• Duration of Exam: 3 hours/each paper. Some extra time will be given to the PwD candidates.
• Type of Questions: Objective type (MCQs).
• Language of Question Paper: English and Hindi.
• Subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics subjects will be asked in the exam.
• Negative Marking: Yes, there is a provision of negative marking and different for paper 1 & 2.

#### JEE Advanced Previous Year Question Papers are available here.

All The Best 🙂
True Dip and Apparent Dip – Magnetism and Matter Class 12
Here we will study about True Dip and Apparent Dip.

## Apparent Dip

The dip at a place is determined by a dip circle. It consists of a magnetized needle capable of rotation in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis. The needle moves over a vertical scale graduated in degrees.

If the plane of the scale of the dip circle is not in the magnetic meridian then the needle will not indicate the correct direction of the earth’s magnetic field. The angle made by the needle with the horizontal is called Apparent Dip.

## True Dip

When the plane of scale of the dip circle is in the magnetic meridian the needle comes to rest in direction of the earth’s magnetic field. The angle made by the needle with the horizontal is called True Dip.

Suppose dip circle is set at angle $\alpha$ to the magnetic meridian.

Horizontal component $${B_H}’ = {B_H}\cos \alpha$$

Vertical component ${B_V}’ = {B_V}$ (remains unchanged)

Apparent dip is ${\theta ^\prime }\tan {\theta ^\prime } = {{{B_V}’} \over {{B_H}’}} = {{{B_V}} \over {{B_H}\cos \alpha }} = {{\tan \theta } \over {\cos \alpha }}\left( {\tan \theta = {{{B_V}} \over {{B_H}}} = {\rm{ true dip }}} \right)$

1. For a vertical plane other than magnetic meridian $\alpha>0$ or $\cos \alpha<1$ so $\theta^{\prime}>\theta$ In a vertical plane other than magnetic meridian angle of dip is more than in magnetic meridian.
2. For a plane perpendicular to magnetic meridian $\alpha=\frac{\pi}{2}$ $\therefore \tan \theta^{\prime}=\infty \quad$ so $\quad \theta^{\prime}=\frac{\pi}{2}$ So in a plane perpendicular to magnetic meridian dip needle will become vertical.

### At magnetic equator :

1. The angle of dip is zero.
2. Vertical component of earths magnetic field becomes zero $B_{V}=B \sin \theta=B \sin 0=0$
3. A freely suspended magnet will become horizontal at the magnetic equator.
4. At the equator earth’s magnetic field is parallel to the earth’s surface i.e., horizontal.

### At magnetic poles :

1. The angle of dip is $90^{\circ}$
2. Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field becomes zero. $B_{H}=B \cos \theta=B \cos 90=0$
3. A freely suspended magnet will become vertical at magnetic poles.
4. At poles, the earth’s magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the earth i.e. vertical.

Ex. If $\theta_{1}$ and $\theta_{2}$ are angles of dip in two vertical planes at right angle to each other and $\theta$ is true dip then prove $\cot ^{2} \theta=\cot ^{2} \theta_{1}+\cot ^{2} \theta_{2}$.

Sol. If the vertical plane in which dip is $\theta_{1}$ subtends an angle $\alpha$ with meridian than other vertical plane in which dip is $\theta_{2}$ and is perpendicular to first will make an angle of $90-\alpha$ with magnetic meridian. If $\theta_{1}$ and $\theta_{2}$ are apparent dips than

$\tan \theta_{1}=\frac{B_{V}}{B_{H} \cos \alpha}$

$\tan \theta_{2}=\frac{B_{V}}{B_{H} \cos (90-\alpha)}=\frac{B_{V}}{B_{H} \sin \alpha}$

$\cot ^{2} \theta_{1}+\cot ^{2} \theta_{2}=\frac{1}{\left(\tan \theta_{1}\right)^{2}}+\frac{1}{\left(\tan \theta_{2}\right)^{2}}$

$=\frac{B_{H}^{2} \cos ^{2} \alpha+B_{H}^{2} \sin ^{2} \alpha}{B_{V}^{2}}=\frac{B_{H}^{2}}{B_{V}^{2}}$

$=\left(\frac{B \cos \theta}{B \sin \theta}\right)^{2}=\cot ^{2} \theta$

So $\quad \cot ^{2} \theta_{1}+\cot ^{2} \theta_{2}=\cot ^{2} \theta$
Properties of Paramagnetic & Diamagnetic Materials

At eSaral we are offering a complete platform for IIT-JEE & NEET preparation. The main mission behind eSaral is to provide education to each and every student in India by eliminating the Geographic and Economic factors, as a nation’s progress and development depends on the availability of quality education to each and every one. With the blend of education & technology, eSaral team made the learning personalized & adaptive for everyone.

Neutral Point of Magnet – Magnetism and Matter Class 12 Physics Notes
A neutral point of Magnet is a point at which the resultant magnetic field is zero. In general, the neutral point is obtained when a horizontal component of the earth’s field is balanced by the produced by the magnet. When the N pole of the magnet points South and the magnet in the magnetic meridian.   When we plot the magnetic field of a bar magnet the curves obtained represent the superposition of magnetic fields due to bar magnet and earth.

## DEFINITION

A neutral point in the magnetic field of a bar magnet is that point where the field due to the magnet is completely neutralized by the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field. At neutral point field due to bar magnet (B) is equal and opposite to horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field $\left( B _{ H }\right) or \quad B = B _{ H }$
• #### The neutral point when the north pole of a magnet is towards the geographical north of the earth.

The neutral points $N_{1}$ and $N_{2}$ lie on the equatorial line. The magnetic field due to magnet at a neutral point is

$B =\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{ M }{\left( r ^{2}+\ell^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Where M is the magnetic dipole moment of the magnet, $2 l$is its length, and r is a distance of the neutral point.

At neutral point $B = B _{ H } \cdot \quad$ so $\quad \frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{ M }{\left( r ^{2}+\ell^{2}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}= B _{ H }$

For a small bar magnet $\left(\ell^{2}<< r ^{2}\right)$ then $\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{ M }{ r ^{3}}= B _{ H }$

• #### Neutral point when south pole of a magnet is towards geographical north of earth.

The neutral points $N_{1}$ and $N_{2}$ lie on the axial line of magnet. The magnetic field due to magnet

at neutral point is $B =\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{2 Mr }{\left( r ^{2}-\ell^{2}\right)^{2}}$

At neutral point $B =\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{2 Mr }{\left( r ^{2}-\ell^{2}\right)^{2}}$ so $\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{2 Mr }{\left( r ^{2}-\ell^{2}\right)^{2}}= B _{ H }$

For a small bar magnet $\left(\ell^{2}<< r ^{2}\right)$ then $\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{2 M }{ r ^{3}}= B _{ H }$

#### Special Point

When a magnet is placed with its S pole towards north of earth neutral points lie on its axial line. If magnet is placed with its N pole towards north of earth neutral points lie on its equatorial line. So neutral points are displaced by $90^{\circ}$ on rotating magnet through $180^{\circ}$ In general if magnet is rotated by angle $\theta$ neutral point turn through an angle $\frac{\theta}{2}$

#### Neutral Point in Special Cases

(a) If two bar magnets are placed with their axis parallel to each other and their opposite poles face each other then there is only one neutral point (x) on the perpendicular bisector of the axis equidistant from the two magnets.

(b) If two bar magnets are placed with their axis parallel to each other and their like poles face each other then there are two neutral points on a line equidistant from the axis of the magnets.

Also Read: Properties of Paramagnetic & Diamagnetic Materials
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Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid – Magnetism || Class 12 Physics Notes

### Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid

In solenoid each turn behaves as a small magnetic dipole having dipole moment $\mathrm{I} \mathrm{A}$. A solenoid is treated as arrangement of small magnetic dipoles placed in line with each other. The number of dipoles is equal to number of turns in a solenoid. The south and north poles of each turn cancel each other except the ends. So solenoid can be replaced by single south and north pole separated by distance equal to length of solenoid. The magnetic field produced by a bar magnet is identical to that produced by a current carrying solenoid. Derivation of Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid To demonstrate the similarity of a current carrying solenoid to a bar magnet, let us calculate axial field of a finite solenoid carrying current.

Consider: $a=$ radius of solenoid

$2 l=$ length of solenoid with centre O

$n=$ number of turns per unit length $I=$ current passing through solenoid

$O P=r$

Consider a small element of thickness $d x$ of solenoid at distance $x$ from O. and number of turns in element $=n d x$

We know magnetic field due to n turns coil at axis of solenoid is given by

$d B=\frac{\mu_{0} n d x I a^{2}}{2\left[(r-x)^{2}+a^{2}\right]^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

The magnitude of the total field is obtained by summing over all the elements $-$ in other words by integrating from $x=-1$ to $x=+1 .$ Thus,

$B=\frac{\mu_{0} n I a^{2}}{2} \int_{-1}^{l} \frac{d x}{\left[(r-x)^{2}+a^{2}\right]^{3 / 2}}$

This integration can be done by trigonometric substitutions. This exercise, however, is not necessary for our purpose. Note that the range of $x$ is from $-1$ to $+1 .$ Consider the far axial field of the solenoid, i.e., $r>>$ a and $r>>1 .$ Then the denominator is approximated by

\begin{aligned}\left[(r-x)^{2}+a^{2}\right]^{3 / 2} &=r^{3} \\ \text { and } B &=\frac{\mu_{0} n I a^{2}}{2 r^{3}} \int_{-1}^{1} d x \\ &=\frac{\mu_{0} n I}{2} \frac{2 l a^{2}}{r^{3}} \end{aligned}

Note that the magnitude of the magnetic moment of the solenoid is, (total number of turns $\times$ current $\times$ cross-sectional area). Thus,

$B=\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \frac{2 m}{r^{3}}$

It is clear from the above expression that magnetic moment of a bar magnet is equal to the magnetic moment of an equivalent solenoid that produces the same magnetic field.

Also Read: Biot Savart’s Law   Click here for the Video tutorials of Magnetic Effect of Current Class 12
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Terrestrial Magnetism – Earth’s Magnetism || Class 12 Physics Notes
Do you know that the Earth is also a magnet? Yes!!! How do you think then that the suspended bar magnet always points in the north-south direction? Adware about the concept of the Terrestrial Magnetism that we are going to discuss in this chapter. It is really interesting to study and analyze this concept of earth’s magnetism. The branch of Physics which deals with the study of earth’s magnetic field is called terrestrial magnetism.
1. William Gilbert suggested that earth itself behaves like a huge magnet. This magnet is so oriented that its S pole is towards geographic north and N pole is towards the geographic south.
2. The earth behaves as a magnetic dipole inclined at small angle $11.5^{\circ}$ to the earth’s axis of rotation with its south pole pointing geographic north.
3. The idea of earth having magnetism is supported by following facts.
4. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in N-S direction.
5. A piece of soft iron buried in N-S direction inside the earth acquires magnetism.
6. Existence of neutral points. When we draw field lines of bar magnet we get neutral points where magnetic field due to magnet is neutralized by earth’s magnetic field.
7. The magnetic field at the surface of earth ranges from nearly 30 $\mu T$ near equator to about 60$\mu T$ near the poles. The magnetic field on the axis is nearly twice the magnetic field on the equatorial line.
Also Read: Biot Savart’s Law   Click here for the Video tutorials of Magnetic Effect of Current Class 12
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Magnetic Elements – Magnetism Class 12 || Physics Notes
The physical quantities which determine the intensity of earth’s total magnetic field completely both in magnitude and direction are called magnetic elements.

### Angle of Declination $(\phi)$:

The angle between the magnetic meridian and geographic meridian at a place is called angle of declination.

(a) Isogonic Lines : Lines drawn on a map through places that have same declination are called isogonic lines.

(b) Agonic Line : The line drawn on a map through places that have zero declination is known as an agonic line.

### Angle of Dip or Inclination

The angle through which the N pole dips down with reference to horizontal is called the angle of dip. At magnetic north and south pole angle of dip is $90^{\circ}$. At magnetic equator the angle of dip is zero.

OR The angle which the direction of resultant field of earth makes with the horizontal line of magnetic meridian is called angle of dip.

(a) Isoclinic Lines : Lines drawn up on a map through the places that have same dip are called isoclinic lines.

(b) Aclinic Line : The line drawn through places that have zero dip is known as aclinic line. This is the magnetic equator.

### Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field

The total intensity of the earth’s magnetic field makes an angle  with horizontal. It has

(i) Component in horizontal plane called horizontal component $B_{H}$.

(ii) Component in vertical plane called vertical component $B_{V}$

$B _{ V }= B \sin \theta \quad B _{ H }= B \cos \theta$

So $\frac{ B _{ V }}{ B _{ H }}=\tan \theta \quad$ and $\quad B =\sqrt{ B _{ H ^{2}}+ B _{ V ^{2}}}$

#### IMPORTANT POINTS

1. If $\theta$ and $\phi$ are known we can find direction of B.
2. If $\theta$ and $B_{H}$ are known we can find magnitude of B.
3. So if $\theta$, $\phi$ and $B_{H}$ are known we can find total field at a place. So these are called as Elements of earth’s magnetic field.
4. The declination gives the plane, dip gives the direction and horizontal component gives magnitude of earth’s magnetic field.
5. If declination is ignored, then the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is from geogrophic south to geographic north.
6. Angle of dip is measured by instrument called dip circle.
Also Read: Biot Savart’s Law   Click here for the Video tutorials of Magnetic Effect of Current Class 12
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Bohr Magneton: Unit of Bohr Magneton – Magnetism || Class 12 Physics Notes
Bohr Magneton is defined as the magnetic dipole moment associated with an atom due to orbital motion of an electron in the first orbit of hydrogen atom. This is the smallest value of magnetic moment. Unit of Bohr Magneton is-
• In CGS units it is defined by the equation:

$\mu \mathrm{B}=(e \cdot h) / 2 m_{\mathrm{e}} \mathrm{c}$

• In SI units it is defined by the equation:

$\mu_{\mathrm{B}}=e \cdot h / 2 m_{e}$

1. The electron possesses magnetic moment due to its spin motion also $\overrightarrow{ M }_{ s }=\frac{ e }{ m _{ e }} \overrightarrow{ s }$ .where $\overrightarrow{ s }$ is spin angular momentum of electron and $S=\pm \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{h}{2 \pi}\right)$
2. The total magnetic moment of electron is the vector sum of its magnetic moments due to orbital and spin motion.
3. The resultant angular momentum of the atom is given by vector sum of orbital and spin angular momentum due to all electrons. Total angular momentum $\vec{J}=\vec{L}+\vec{S}$
4. The resultant magnetic moment $\overrightarrow{ M _{j}}=- g \left(\frac{ e }{2 m }\right) \overrightarrow{ J }$

where g is Lande’s splitting factor which depends on state of an atom.

For pure orbital motion g = 1 and pure spin motion g = 2.

Also Read: Biot Savart’s Law   Click here for the Video tutorials of Magnetic Effect of Current Class 12
About eSaral At eSaral we are offering a complete platform for IIT-JEE & NEET preparation. The main mission behind eSaral is to provide education to each and every student in India by eliminating the Geographic and Economic factors, as a nation’s progress and development depends on the availability of quality education to each and every one. With the blend of education & technology, eSaral team made the learning personalized & adaptive for everyone.