Differentiate

Question:

Differentiate $\sin ^{-1}\left(2 \mathrm{x} \sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}\right)$ with respect to $\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}\right)$, if $\mathrm{x} \in(1 / \sqrt{2}, 1)$

Solution:

Let $\mathrm{u}=\sin ^{-1}\left(2 \mathrm{x} \sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}\right)$ and $\mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}\right)$

We need to differentiate $u$ with respect to $v$ that is find $\frac{d u}{d v}$.

We have $u=\sin ^{-1}\left(2 x \sqrt{1-x^{2}}\right)$

By substituting $x=\sin \theta$, we have

$\mathrm{u}=\sin ^{-1}\left(2 \sin \theta \sqrt{1-(\sin \theta)^{2}}\right)$

$\Rightarrow \mathrm{u}=\sin ^{-1}\left(2 \sin \theta \sqrt{1-\sin ^{2} \theta}\right)$

$\Rightarrow u=\sin ^{-1}\left(2 \sin \theta \sqrt{\cos ^{2} \theta}\right)\left[\because \sin ^{2} \theta+\cos ^{2} \theta=1\right]$

$\Rightarrow u=\sin ^{-1}(2 \sin \theta \cos \theta)$

$\Rightarrow u=\sin ^{-1}(\sin 2 \theta)$

Now, we have $\mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}\right)$

By substituting $x=\sin \theta$, we have

$\mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\sin \theta)^{2}}}\right)$

$\Rightarrow \mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\sin ^{2} \theta}}\right)$

$\Rightarrow \mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos ^{2} \theta}}\right)\left[\because \sin ^{2} \theta+\cos ^{2} \theta=1\right]$

$\Rightarrow \mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\cos \theta}\right)$

$\Rightarrow \mathrm{v}=\sec ^{-1}(\sec \theta)$

Given $x \in\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, 1\right)$

However, $x=\sin \theta$

$\Rightarrow \sin \theta \in\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, 1\right)$

$\Rightarrow \theta \in\left(\frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$

$\Rightarrow 2 \theta \in\left(\frac{\pi}{2}, \pi\right)$

Hence, $u=\sin ^{-1}(\sin 2 \theta)=\pi-2 \theta$

$\Rightarrow u=\pi-2 \sin ^{-1}(x)$

On differentiating $u$ with respect to $x$, we get

$\frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\pi-2 \sin ^{-1} x\right)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d}{d x}(\pi)-\frac{d}{d x}\left(2 \sin ^{-1} x\right)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d}{d x}(\pi)-2 \frac{d}{d x}\left(\sin ^{-1} x\right)$

We know $\frac{d}{d x}\left(\sin ^{-1} x\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$ and derivative of a constant is 0 .

$\Rightarrow \frac{d u}{d x}=0-2 \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$

$\therefore \frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$

We have $\theta \in\left(\frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$

Hence, $v=\sec ^{-1}(\sec \theta)=\theta$

$\Rightarrow v=\sin ^{-1} x$

On differentiating $v$ with respect to $x$, we get

$\frac{d v}{d x}=\frac{d}{d x}\left(\sin ^{-1} x\right)$

We know $\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\sin ^{-1} \mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}$

$\therefore \frac{\mathrm{dv}}{\mathrm{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}$

We have $\frac{\mathrm{du}}{\mathrm{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\mathrm{du}}{\mathrm{dv}}}{\frac{\mathrm{dv}}{\mathrm{dx}}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{du}}{\mathrm{dv}}=\frac{-\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\mathrm{x}^{2}}}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{d u}{d v}=-\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} \times \sqrt{1-x^{2}}$

$\therefore \frac{\mathrm{du}}{\mathrm{dv}}=-2$

Thus, $\frac{\mathrm{du}}{\mathrm{dv}}=-2$

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