If 3 sin x + 5 cos x = 5,

$3 \sin x+5 \cos x=5$       (Given)

Squaring both the sides:

$9 \sin ^{2} x+25 \cos ^{2} x+30 \sin x \cos x=25$

$30 \sin x \cos x=25-9 \sin ^{2} x-25 \cos ^{2} x$           (1)

We have to find the value of $5 \sin \theta-3 \cos \theta$.

$(5 \sin x-3 \cos \mathrm{x})^{2}=25 \sin ^{2} \mathrm{x}+9 \cos ^{2} x-30 \sin x \cos x$

$(5 \sin x-3 \cos x)^{2}=25 \sin ^{2} x+9 \cos ^{2} x-\left(25-9 \sin ^{2} x-25 \cos ^{2} x\right) \quad[$ From (1) $]$

$(5 \sin x-3 \cos x)^{2}=34 \sin ^{2} x+34 \cos ^{2} x-25$

$(5 \sin x-3 \cos x)^{2}=34-25 \quad\left(\because \sin ^{2} x+\cos ^{2} x=1\right)$

$(5 \sin x-3 \cos x)^{2}=9$

$5 \sin x-3 \cos x=\pm 3$