Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus?
[question] Question. Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus? [/question] [solution] Solution: Based on the position of the calyx, corolla, and androecium (with respect to the ovary on the thalamus), the flowers are described as hypognous, perigynous, and epigynous. In hypogynous flowers, the ovary occupies the highest position on the thalamus while other floral parts are situated below it. In such flowers, the ovary is superior e.g., China rose, mus...
Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic bisexual,
[question] Question. Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic bisexual, hypogynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals. Five free stamens and two united carpals with superior ovary and axile placentation. [question] [solution] Solution: The floral formula of the described flower is represented as: Actinomorphic flowers are represented by the symbol $\oplus$. The calyx contains five united sepals which can be represented as $K_{(5)}$. The corolla consists of five free petals and ...
Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types of inflorescence in flowering plants.
[question] Question. Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types of inflorescence in flowering plants. [/question] [solution] Solution: Inflorescence is the manner in which the flowers are arranged on the flowering axis. During the flowering season, the vegetative apex of the stem gets converted into a floral meristem. Based on whether the floral axis continues to grow or end in a flower, inflorescence is classified into racemose and cymose. In racemose inflorescence...
How do the various leaf modifications help plants?
[question] Question. How do the various leaf modifications help plants? [/question] [solution] Solution: The main function of the leaves is to carry out the process of photosynthesis. However, in a few plants, leaves are modified to perform different functions. (a) Tendrils: The leaves of a pea plant are modified into tendrils that help the plant in climbing. (b) Spines: The leaves in cactus are modified into sharp spines that act as an organ of defense. (c) Phyllode: The leaves of some Australi...
What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower?
[question] Question. What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower? [/question] [solution] Solution: A flower can be defined as the reproductive unit of any flowering plant (angiosperms). Flowers carry out sexual reproduction in angiosperms. A typical flower is a modified stem with a condensed axis. A flower has four different parts i.e., the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Androecium and gynoecium represent the male and female reproductive organs of a flower (re...
Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants.
[question] Question. Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants. [/question] [solution] Solution: Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules inside the ovary. It is of five basic types. (A) Marginal placentation: The ovary in which the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules develop on two separate rows is known to have marginal placentation. This type of placentation is found in peas. (B) Parietal placentation When the ovules ...
Take one flower each of families Fabaceae and Solanaceae
[question] Question. Take one flower each of families Fabaceae and Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagrams after studying them. [/question] [solution] Solution: 1) Family Fabaceae/Papilionaceae (pea plant) Fabaceae/Papilionaceae is a sub-family of the Leguminoseae family. Vegetative features: Habit: Pinnately compound, alternately arranged with leaf tendrils with the pulvinus present at the leaf base along folacious stipules. Root: Tap root system wit...
Describe modifications of stem with suitable examples
[question] Question. Describe modifications of stem with suitable examples [/question] [solution] Solution: Stems of various plants have undergone modifications to perform different functions. Underground stems or storage stems: Examples: Rhizomes, Corms, tubers In ginger and banana, the underground stem is called a rhizome. The underground stem in Colocasia (arvi) is known as corm. Rhizomes and corms are underground stems, modified for the storage of food. Also, these stems help in vegetative r...
Draw the labelled diagram of the following:
[question] Question. Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (i) Gram seed (ii) V.S. of maize seed [/question] [solution] Solution: [/solution]...
Differentiate between
[question] Question. Differentiate between (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence (b) Fibrous roots and adventitious roots (c) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary [/question] [solution] Solution: [/solution]...
Define the following terms:
[question] Question. Define the following terms: (a) Aestivation (b) Placentation (c) Actinomorphic (d) Zygomorphic (e) Superior ovary (f) Perigynous flower (g) Epipetalous Stamen [/question] [solution] Solution: (a) Aestivation The term ‘aestivation’ refers to the mode in which sepals or petals are arranged in a floral bud with respect to other floral members. There are four types of aestivation in plants i.e., valvate, twisted, imbricate, and vexillary. (b) Placentation The term ‘placentation’...
Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy?
[question] Question. Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy? [/question] [solution] Solution: Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern or arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant. It is of three types, alternate, opposite, and whorled phyllotaxy. In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises from the node of a branch. This type of phyllotaxy is observed in the sunflower, mustard, and peepal. Plants with opposite phyllotaxy have two leaves arising from the node in ...
How is pinnately compound leaf different from palmately compound leaf?
[question] Question. How is pinnately compound leaf different from palmately compound leaf? [/question] [solution] Solution: [solution]...
Justify the following statements on the basis of external features
[question] Question. Justify the following statements on the basis of external features (i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots (ii) Flower is a modified shoot [question] [solution] Solution: (i) Various parts of plants are modified into underground structures to perform various functions such as stems, leaves, and even fruits. The stems in ginger and banana are underground and swollen due to storage of food. They are called rhizomes. Similarly, corm is an underground stem in Coloc...
What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the
[question] Question. What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the (a) Banyan tree (b) Turnip (c) Mangrove trees [/question] [solution] Solution: Primarily, there are two types of root systems found in plants, namely the tap root system and fibrous root system. The main function of the roots is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. However, roots are also modified to perform various other functions. The roots of some plants act as storage sites fo...