Oblique Projectile motion - Motion in Plane - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the Oblique Projectile motion? If yes. Then keep reading. Oblique Projectile motion Consider the motion of a bullet which is fired from a gun so that its initial velocity $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{u}}$ makes an angle $\theta$ with the horizontal direction. Let us take $X$ -axis along ground and Y-axis along vertical. $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{u}}$ can be resolved as $\mathrm{u}_{\mathrm{x}}=\mathrm{u} \cos \theta \quad$ (along horizontal) $\ u_{y}=u \sin \theta$ (al...
Read More →Motion in two dimensions - Motion in Plane - eSaral
An object moving in a plane is said to have two-dimensional motion. If you want to learn more about Motion in two dimensions. Then read this article till the end. Motion in Two Dimensions An object moving in a plane is said to have two-dimensional motion. The two-dimensional motion is equal to the vector sum of two one-dimensional motions along a mutually perpendicular direction. Let the position of point P at a time t be given by position vector $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{OP}}=\overrightarrow{\ma...
Read More →State the law of radioactive decay - Radioactivity, Physics - eSaral
Hey, students do you want to know how to state the law of radioactive decay? If yes. Then read this article till the end. Radioactive decay law The rate of decay (number of disintegrations per second) is proportional to number of radioactive atoms (N) present at that time t rate of decay $\frac{-\mathrm{d} \mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{dt}} \propto \mathrm{N}$ or $\frac{\mathrm{d} \mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{dt}}=-\lambda \mathrm{N}$ or $\quad N=N_{0} e^{-\lambda t}$.....(1) where $\lambda$ is disintegration cons...
Read More →Uses of radioactive isotopes - Radioactivity, Physics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the uses of radioactive isotopes? If yes. Then you are at the right place. Uses of radioactive isotopes In Medicine a. $\mathrm{Co}^{60}$ for treatment of cancerb. $\mathrm{Na}^{24}$ for circulation of blood c. $\mathbf{I}^{131}$ for thyroid d. $S r^{90}$ for treatment of skin eye e. $\mathrm{Fe}^{59}$ for location of brain tumor f. Radiographs of castings and teeth In Industries a. For detecting leakage in water and oil pipe lines b. For investigation of wear tea...
Read More →Working of NPN and PNP transistor - Electronics, Physics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the Working of NPN and PNP transistor? if yes. Then you are at the right place. P-N-P Transistor: The holes of the P region (emitter) are rippled by the positive terminal of battery $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{EE}}$ towards the base. The potential barrier at the emitter junction is reduced as it is forward bias and hence the holes cross this junction and penetrate into the N region. This constitutes the emitter current. The width of the base region is very thin and it is...
Read More →What is Transistor and its types - Physics, Electronics - eSaral
A Transistor is an electronic device formed by P and N types of semiconductors. If you want to know about what is transistor and its types then read this article till the end. Transistor Transistor is used in place of triode valve, it is an electronic device formed by P and N types of semiconductors. It was discovered by American scientist J Barden, W.H. Bratain, W. Shockley. The transistor is three-terminal and two P-N Jn. device. There are two types of transistors N-P-N transistor P-N-P transi...
Read More →Different types of PN-junction diodes - Electronics - eSaral
Diode is a PN junction device. If you want to know about the different types of PN-junction diodes then keep reading. Different types of PN-junction diodes 1. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Very much used in a dancing light display of music systems and information boards on railway stations. In a forward-biased diode, the energy produced by recombination of electrons and holes at the junction can be emitted. If the energy is in the visible region, such a diode is called a light-emitting diode or LED...
Read More →Bridge rectifier circuit diagram - Definition, Efficiency - eSaral
Bridge Rectifier is also a full-wave rectifier. If you want to learn about the Bridge rectifier and Bridge rectifier circuit diagram then keep reading. Bridge Rectifier It is also a full-wave rectifier. Use of bridge rectifier The bridge rectifier is used in the rectifier type voltmeter. The circuit arrangement is shown in fig. The rectifier elements are p-n junction diodes with a sensitive DC. ammeter as a load. This circuit can be used for the measurement of AC as well as DC voltage and curren...
Read More →Full wave rectifier circuit diagram - Definition, Ripple Factor - eSaral
A device that rectifies both halves of the ac input is called a full-wave rectifier. If you want to learn about the full-wave rectifier and full-wave rectifier circuit diagram then keep reading. Full-wave rectifier: A rectifier that rectifies both halves of the ac input is called a full-wave rectifier. During the first half of the input cycle, the upper end of S coil is at positive potential and the lower end is at the negative potential the junction diode $\mathrm{D}_{1}$ will get forward biase...
Read More →Half wave rectifier circuit diagram - Definition, Explanation - eSaral
A device that converts alternating current into Direct current is called a rectifier. If you want to learn about the half-wave rectifier and half-wave rectifier circuit diagram then you are at the right place. Application of diode as a rectifier: An electronic device that converts alternating current into Direct current is called a rectifier. Half wave rectifier: A rectifier, which rectifies only one half of each ac supply cycle is called a half-wave rectifier. During the first half of the input...
Read More →What is Diode in electronics - Definition, Important Points - eSaral
A diode is a PN junction device. If you want to know what is diode in electronics. Then keep reading. Diode A diode is a PN junction device Ideal diode Conducts with zero resistance when forward biased. Offer an infinite resistance when reverse biased. Practical Circuit For diode The practical characteristic curve for a diode: Important terms related to diode: Knee VoltageKnee voltage is defined as the forward voltage at which the current through the junction starts increasing rapidly.For silico...
Read More →What is P-N junction - Definition, Explanation, Types - eSaral
P-N junctions are formed by diffusing trivalent impurity to one-half side and pentavalent impurity to another side. If you want to know what is P-N junction then keep reading this article. P-N Junction By merely Joining the two pieces a P-N Junction cannot be formed. P-N junctions are formed by diffusing trivalent impurity to one-half side and pentavalent impurity to another side. The plane dividing the two zones is known as a junction. P-N junction is unohmic As P-type semiconductor has a high ...
Read More →What is Fermi energy level in semiconductors - Electronics - eSaral
Hey, Do you want to know what is fermi energy level in semiconductors? If yes. Then keep reading. Fermi Energy Level. Fermi energy is the maximum kinetic energy of an electron at 0 K these electrons are called Fermi electrons and energy level is known as Fermi energy level. It is always found between the conduction band and valance band Fermi Level is the energy that corresponds to the center of gravity of the conduction electrons and holes weighted according to their energies. In pure germanium...
Read More →Types of Semiconductors - Types, Examples - eSaral
Semiconductor in an extremely pure form is known as an intrinsic semiconductor and The impure semiconductor material is called an extrinsic semiconductor. If you want to learn about the Types of Semiconductors then keep reading. Types of Semiconductors Pure or intrinsic semiconductor: A semiconductor in an extremely pure form is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons is always equal to the number of holes when an external field is applied...
Read More →Effect of Temperature on semiconductor - Electronics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the Effect of Temperature on Semiconductor? If yes. Then keep reading. Effect of Temperature on Semiconductor At Absolute zero temperature Covalent Bonds are very strong and there is no free electron in the conduction band. For semiconductors at 0 K, the conduction band is empty while the valence band is full. Above Absolute zero temperature When temperature increases some of the covalent bonds are break due to thermal energy supplied. At room temperature, due to ...
Read More →Classification of solids in terms of the forbidden energy gap - eSaral
hey, do you want to learn about the Classification of solids in terms of the forbidden energy gap? If yes. Then you are at the right place. Classification of solids in terms of the forbidden energy gap The width of the forbidden energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band distinguishes conductors, semiconductors, and insulators from each other. Comparison between conductor, semiconductor, and insulator: Difference between Valence, Conduction, and Forbidden Band Valence band: This...
Read More →Energy band theory in solids - Electronics, Physics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the Energy band theory in solids? If yes. Then you are at the right place. Energy Bands in solid Valence band: The electrons in the outermost shells are not strongly bonded to their nuclei, these electrons are valence electrons. The band formed by these electrons is called the valence band. Conduction band: Valence electrons are loosely attached to the nucleus. Even at ordinary temperature, some of the valence electrons left the valence band. These are called free...
Read More →What are the properties of semiconductors - Electronics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to know What are the properties of semiconductors? If yes. Then keep reading Semiconductor There are a large number of materials that have resistivities lying between those of an insulator and a conductor (See table). Such materials are known as ‘semiconductors’. At absolute zero, pure and perfect crystals of the semiconductors are nonconducting, their resistivity approaching to the resistivity of an insulator. They can be made conducting by adding impurities, thermal agitation,...
Read More →Metals and Non-Metals - Class 10 - Short Notes (Mind Maps)
Get to learn all the formulae and important points of Metals and Non-Metals through this Mind Map. Download and share with your friends also. India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now Download Download India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now Download Revise Complete Science for Class 10. India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now...
Read More →Achromatism in lenses - Ray Optics, Physics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about achromatism in lenses? If yes. Then keep reading Achromatism: We have just that when a white object is placed in front of a lens, then its images of different colors are formed at different positions and are of different sizes. These defects are called 'longitudinal chromatic aberration' and 'lateral chromatic aberration' respectively. If two or more lenses be different colors are in the same position and of the same size, then the combination is called 'achromati...
Read More →Sign convention for lens - Concave and Convex Lens - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about the sign convention for lens? If yes. Then keep reading. Sign Convention Whenever and where possible, rays of light are taken to travel from left to right. The transverse distance measured from the optical center and is taken to be positive while those below it negative. Longitudinal distances are measured from the optical center and are taken to be positive if in the direction of light propagation and negative if opposite to it e.g., according to our convention c...
Read More →Reflection through Concave Mirror - Ray Optics - eSaral
Hey, do you want to learn about Reflection through Concave Mirror? If yes. Then keep reading. Reflection through the concave mirror: F = Principal focus P = Pole of mirror C = Centre of curvature. PC = Radius of curvature. PF = Focal length. When a narrow beam of light traveling parallel to the principal axis is incident on the reflecting surface of the concave mirror, the beam after reflection converges at a point on the principal axis. Rules for ray diagrams: When a ray falls in the direction ...
Read More →Light - Reflection and Refraction - Class 10 - Short Notes (Mind Maps)
Get to learn all the formulae and important points of Light - Reflection and Refraction through this Mind Map. Download and share with your friends also. India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now Download India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now Download Download Download Download Download Revise Complete Science for Class 10. India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 10th - Download Now...
Read More →Difference between Compound Microscope and Astronomical Telescope - eSaral
Hey Do you want to know the difference between Compound Microscope and Astronomical Telescope? If yes. Then you are at the right place. S.no Compound - Microscope Astronomical - Telescope 1 It is used to increase visual angle of near tinyobject. It is used to increase the visual angle ofdistant large objects. 2 In it field and eye lense both are convergent, ofshort focal length and aperture. In it objective lens is of large focallength and aperture while eye lens of short focal length and apertu...
Read More →Working of Telescope - Ray Optics, Class 12 - eSaral
A Telescope is an optical instrument used to increase the visual angle of distant large objects such as a star a planet. If you want to learn about the Working of a Telescope then keep reading. Telescope It is an optical instrument used to increase the visual angle of distant large objects such as a star a planet or a cliff etc. An astronomical telescope consists of two converging lenses. The one facing the object is called an objective or field - lens and has a large focal length and aperture, ...
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