What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.
[question] Question. What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words. [/question] [solution] Solution: Globalisation in today’s world has come to imply many things. It is the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This term is also often used to refer to economic globalisation: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investments, capital flows, migration and th...
Read More →What happens to the supply of food when there is a disaster or a calamity?
[question] Question. What happens to the supply of food when there is a disaster or a calamity? [/question] [solution] Solution: When there is a disaster or a calamity, the production of food grains decreases in the affected area. This in turn creates a shortage of food in the area. Due to the food shortage, the prices go up. The raised prices of food materials affect the capacity of many people to buy the same. When the calamity occurs in a very wide spread area or is stretched over a long peri...
Read More →Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units:
[question] Question. Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units: (a) $1 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m}^{2} \mathrm{~s}^{-2}=\ldots . \mathrm{g} \mathrm{cm}^{2} \mathrm{~s}^{-2}$ (b) $1 \mathrm{~m}=\ldots . .1 \mathrm{y}$ (c) $3.0 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}=\ldots . \mathrm{km} \mathrm{h}^{-2}$ (d) $G=6.67 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{~m}^{2}(\mathrm{~kg})^{-2}=\ldots(\mathrm{cm})^{3} \mathrm{~s}^{-2} \mathrm{~g}^{-1}$ [solution] solution: (a) $1 \mathrm{~kg}=10^{3} \mathrm{~g}$ $1 \mathrm{~m}^{2...
Read More →A section of people in India are still without food
[question] Question. A section of people in India are still without food. Explain. [/question] [solution] Solution: The food insecure: A large section of people in India suffer from food and nutrition insecurity. This group of ‘the food insecure’ includes landless agricultural labourers and small farmers, casual labourers in the urban areas, people belonging to the backward social sections such as the SCs, STs and OBCs, people belonging to the backward regions, migrants and a large proportion of...
Read More →The following table shows people in a variety of occupations in urban areas
[question] Question. The following table shows people in a variety of occupations in urban areas. What are the purposes for which the following people might need loans? Fill in the column. Next, classify the people into two groups based on whom you think might get a bank loan and those who might not. What is the criterion that you have used for classification? [/question] [solution] Solution: The criterion I have used for the aforementioned classification is firstly, whether the borrower has the...
Read More →Do you believe that Green Revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains?
[question] Question. Do you believe that Green Revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains? How? [/question] [solution] Solution: In the late 1960s, the Green Revolution introduced the Indian farmer to the cultivation of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. The HYVs (coupled with chemical fertilisers and pesticides) led to a growth in the productivity of food grains (especially wheat and rice), thereby helping India attain self-sufficiency in food grains. Since the advent of the...
Read More →Which states are more food insecure in India?
[question] Question. Which states are more food insecure in India? [/question] [solution] Solution: The economically-backward states with high incidence of poverty are more food insecure in India. The states of Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chattisgarh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra account for the largest number of food insecure people in the country. [/solution]...
Read More →A baby is not able to tell her/his caretakers that she/he is sick.
[question] Question. A baby is not able to tell her/his caretakers that she/he is sick. What would help us to find out (a) that the baby is sicks? (b) What is the sickness? [/question] [solution] Solution: (a) Symptoms to help in finding out that the baby is sick are: 1. Continuous crying 2. Drooping of eyes 3. Redness of eyes 4. High temperature of body. (b) The sickness can be determined with the help of symptoms or indications shown by the child. The symptoms could be 1. Loose motions, stomac...
Read More →Which are the people more prone to food insecurity?
[question] Question. Which are the people more prone to food insecurity? [/question] [solution] Solution: A large section of people suffer from food and nutrition insecurity in India. However, the worst affected groups are as follows: (i) Landless and land-poor households, traditional artisans, providers of traditional services, petty self-employed workers and destitute including beggars (in the rural areas) (ii) People employed in ill-paid occupations and casual labourers engaged in seasonal ac...
Read More →Fill in the blanks
[question] Question. Fill in the blanks (a) The volume of a cube of side $1 \mathrm{~cm}$ is equal to..... $\mathrm{m}^{3}$ (b) The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius $2.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ and height $10.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ is equal to $(\mathrm{mm})^{2}$ (c) A vehicle moving with a speed of $18 \mathrm{~km} \mathrm{~h}^{-1}$ covers... $\mathrm{m}$ in $1 \mathrm{~s}$ (d) The relative density of lead is $11.3 .$ Its density is .... $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ or .... $\mathrm{kg} \mathrm{m}^{-...
Read More →How is food security ensured in India?
[question] Question. How is food security ensured in India? [/question] [solution] Solution: Food security is ensured in a country when the three dimensions of food security are taken care of. The three dimensions are: Availability of food − Presence of enough food for all the persons Accessibility of food − Absence of barrier on access to food Affordability of food − Capability of all persons to buy food of acceptable quality Food security has been ensured in India because of the following fact...
Read More →Choose the most appropriate answer.
[question] Question. Choose the most appropriate answer. (i) In a SHG most of the decisions regarding savings and loan activities are taken by (a) Bank. (b) Members. (c) Non-government organisation. (ii) Formal sources of credit does not include (a) Banks. (b) Cooperatives. (c) Employers. [/question] [solution] Solution: (i) (b) (ii) (c) [/solution]...
Read More →Conduct a survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are.
[question] Question. Conduct a survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the incidence of these diseases. [/question] [solution] Solution: I conducted a survey in my neighbourhood and found following three most common diseases. [/solution]...
Read More →Fill in the blanks:
[question] Question. Fill in the blanks: (i) Majority of the credit needs of the __________households are met from informal sources. (ii) __________costs of borrowing increase the debt-burden. (iii) __________issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government. (iv) Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on __________. (v) __________is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee until the loan is repaid to the lender. [/question] [solution] Solution: ...
Read More →Answer the following questions briefly
[question] Question. Answer the following questions briefly (i) What do you understand by human poverty? (ii) Who are the poorest of the poor? (iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005? [/question] [solution] Solution: (i)Human poverty is a concept that goes beyond the limited view of poverty as lack of income. It refers to the denial of political, social and economic opportunities to an individual to maintain a “reasonable” standard of living. Illitera...
Read More →Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation.
[question] Question. Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation. [/question] [solution] Solution: The current anti-poverty strategy of the government has a two-lined approach − promotion of economic growth and targeted anti-poverty programmes. Economic growth widens opportunities and provides resources needed to invest in human development. Also, so that the poor can take advantage of this economic growth, the government has formulated several anti-poverty schemes to affect pove...
Read More →Describe global poverty trends.
[question] Question. Describe global poverty trends. [/question] [solution] Solution: The proportion of people in developing countries living on less than $1 per day has fallen from 28 per cent in 1990 to 21 per cent in 2001. There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty since the nineteen eighties. However, the reduction in poverty is marked with great regional differences. Due to rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resource development, poverty declined substantial...
Read More →In India, about 80 per cent of farmers are small farmers, who need credit for cultivation.
[question] Question. In India, about 80 per cent of farmers are small farmers, who need credit for cultivation. (a) Why might banks be unwilling to lend to small farmers? (b) What are the other sources from which the small farmers can borrow? (c) Explain with an example how the terms of credit can be unfavourable for the small farmer. (d) Suggest some ways by which small farmers can get cheap credit. [/question] [solution] Solution: (a) Banks might be unwilling to lend to small farmers for lack ...
Read More →A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community.
[question] Question. A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself/himself. [/question] [solution] Solution: A doctor/nurse/nurse/health-worker take following precautions to avoid become sick themselves 1. Wear masks while diagnosing mouth or chest infections. 2. Clean their hands and wear gloves even while doing minor surgeries. 3. Get immunisation done against all the infectious diseases. 4. Take balanc...
Read More →Give an account of interstate disparities in poverty in India.
[question] Question. Give an account of interstate disparities in poverty in India. [/question] [solution] Solution: The proportion of poor is not the same in every state. Though there has been a decline in poverty in every state from the early seventies, the success rate of reducing poverty has varied from state to state. In 20 states and union territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average of 26. In others, the poverty ratios are higher than the national average. Among these,...
Read More →Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.
[question] Question. Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India. [/question] [solution] Solution: The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and economic categories in India. The social groups of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, and the economic groups of rural agricultural labourers and urban casual labourers are the ones most vulnerable to poverty. The poverty ratios for each of these groups are higher than...
Read More →Manav needs a loan to set up a small business.
[question] Question. Manav needs a loan to set up a small business. On what basis will Manav decide whether to borrow from the bank or the moneylender? Discuss. [/question] [solution] Solution: Manav needs a loan to set up a small business. Manav will decide on whether to borrow from the bank or the moneylender on the basis of various factors. Firstly, he must have a collateral or asset which can guarantee his loan. If he lacks such an asset, Manav cannot get a loan from a bank. In this scenario...
Read More →Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.
[question] Question. Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. [/question] [solution] Solution: Major reasons for poverty in India (i) Colonial rule: India went through a long phase of low economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles. (ii) Low economic growth and high population growth: The Indian administration’s failure on the two fronts − prom...
Read More →Analyse the role of credit for development.
[question] Question. Analyse the role of credit for development. [/question] [solution] Solution: Credit plays a crucial role in a country’s development. By sanctioning loans to developing industries and trade, banks provide them with the necessary aid for improvement. This leads to increased production, employment and profits. However, caution must be exercised in the case of high risks so that losses do not occur. This advantage of loans also needs to be manipulated and kept under an administr...
Read More →In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of banks?
[question] Question. In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of banks? Why is this necessary? [/question] [solution] Solution: The Reserve Bank of India monitors the amount of money that banks loan out, and also the amount of cash balance maintained by them. It also ensures that banks give out loans not just to profiteering businesses but also to small cultivators, small scale industries and small borrowers. Periodically, banks are supposed to submit information to ...
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