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Describe poverty trends in India since 1973.

[question] Question. Describe poverty trends in India since 1973. [/question] [solution] Solution: A decline: There has been a substantial decline in the poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 percent in 2000. Although the percentage of people living in poverty declined from 1973 to 1993, the number of poor remained stable around 320 million for a fairly long period. However, as per ...

What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality?

[question] Question. What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area? [/question] [solution] Solution: The following immunisation programme is available at the nearest health centre in our locality 1. Immunisation for infants - DPT, BCG, polio, measles and MMR. 2. For children-Typhoid, TT, DT, small pox and TAB. 3. For pregnant woman - TT and hepatitis-B. The diseases like typhoid, po...

On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter,

[question] Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources? [/question] [solution] solution: One should incorporate the following changes in life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources: (i) Stop cutting trees and practice plantation of trees. (ii) Stop using plastic and polythene bags for carrying goods. (iii) Use recycled paper. (iv) Throw biodegradable and...

Do you think that present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate?

[question] Question. Do you think that present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate? [/question] [solution] Solution: The present methodology of poverty estimation takes into account a minimum subsistence level of living rather than a reasonable level of living. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given minimum level necessary to fulfil basic needs. While ensuring the minimum necessary in terms of income is indeed essential for India to...

What are the reasons why the banks might not be willing to lend to certain borrowers?

[question] Question. What are the reasons why the banks might not be willing to lend to certain borrowers? [/question] [solution] Solution: Banks might not be willing to lend to people who cannot provide collateral, who do not have steady earnings or jobs, and who have a history of non-repayment of loans. In such cases, banks do not have a guarantee as to whether or not the loans will be repaid by the persons concerned. It has to be understood that banks only mediate between those who have surpl...

List five things you have done over the last one week to

[question] Question. List five things you have done over the last one week to (a) conserve our natural resources (b) increase the pressure on our natural resources [/question] [solution] solution: (a) To conserve our natural resources: (i) Travel by a CNG bus for long distances and walk for short distances. (ii) Use recycled paper (iii) Throw biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste into separate bins (iv) Plant trees (v) Harvest rainwater (b) To increase the pressure on our natural resources: ...

Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India.

[question] Question. Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India. [/question] [solution] Solution: A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given minimum level necessary to fulfil basic needs. Each country uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms. This is called the poverty line. While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requiremen...

What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor? Explain in your own words.

[question] Question. What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor? Explain in your own words. [/question] [solution] Solution: The basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor is to provide them with a vista for self-help in financial areas. A self-help group is a small group comprising people in the rural areas who collect their savings, and loan these out to members on an interest rate lower than that charged by the informal sector. If the SHG functions well for over a year, then it becomes ...

What is immunisation?

[question] Question. What is immunisation? [/question] [solution] Solution: Immunisation is a process of administration (injecting) of vaccine into a healthy person in order to develop immunity against a disease. Immunity means the ability of a body to recognise, destroy and eliminate external disease causing agents. This immunisation through administering vaccine is called vaccination. Vaccine contains disease-causing organisms in a diluted or weakened form or in living or dead form. It prevent...

Which capital would you consider the best—land, labour,

[question] Question. Which capital would you consider the best—land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why? [/question] [solution] Solution: Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources. [/solution]...

Why do we need to expand formal sources of credit in India?

[question] Question. Why do we need to expand formal sources of credit in India? [/question] [solution] Solution: We need to expand formal sources of credit in India for two main reasons. Firstly, to reduce dependence on informal sources of credit because the latter charge high interest rates and do not benefit the borrower much. Secondly, they will be able to provide loans to a larger group of people who trust government sanctioning more than a private loaning system. [/solution]...

Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

[question] Question. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed? [/question] [solution] Solution: Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed: (a) Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment. (b) Create a sort of screening process whereby each individual chooses s...

What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases?

[question] Question. What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases? [/question] [solution] Solution: To prevent the incidence of infectious diseases in school following precautions can be taken: 1. Avoid contact of students suffering from air borne diseases like common cold, cough, eye, flu, etc. 2. By checking the availability of clean drinking water in school. 3. Clean surroundings in school will not allow the growth and multiplication of vectors. ...

What can you as an individual do to reduce your

[question] Question. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources? [/question] [solution] solution: Natural resources such as water, forests, coal and petroleum, etc. are important for the survival of human beings. The ways in which we can reduce the consumption of various natural resources are as follows: (i) We should stop the cutting of trees (deforestation). (ii) We should use recycled paper to reduce the cutting down of trees. (iii) We should ...

In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

[question] Question. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity? [/question] [solution] Solution: Among the three sectors, India should look to build the maximum employment opportunities in the manufacturing and services sectors. The agricultural sector is already over-burdened by manpower that is disguised unemployed. So, it is the small scale manufacturing units and the service industry (like travel and tourism, health, education, communication, etc.) that n...

Look at a 10 rupee note. What is written on top? Can you explain this statement?

[question] Question. Look at a 10 rupee note. What is written on top? Can you explain this statement? [/question] [solution] Solution: A ten rupee note has “Reserve Bank of India” written at the top, along with a statement “guaranteed by the central government”, following it. It is a promissory note and can only be issued by the Reserve Bank of India which supervises all money-related functions in the formal sector, in India. The statement on the ten rupee bank note relates to this idea that the...

What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?

[question] Question. What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread? [question] [solution] Solution: Infectious diseases spread by different means. These are: 1. Through air- An infected person when sneezes or coughs releases droplets containing germs. These droplets infect another healthy person through air and microbes enter a new body. 2. Through water- If the water source is polluted by the excreta of infectious persons having gut diseases and this water is used by othe...

Why are educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India?

[question] Question. Why are educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India? [/question] [solution] Solution: If disguised unemployment characterises rural India, educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of urban India. This is the situation wherein a number of youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find suitable jobs. The education system is such that even after about 18 years of education, a person can well be termed as unskilled. What this does is...

How can you as an individual contribute

[question] Question. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum? [/question] [solution] solution: (a) Forest and wildlife: (i) We should protest against the cutting of trees (deforestation). (ii) We should protest against the poaching of wild animals. (iii) We should stop the destruction of forest land for our use. (b) Water resources: (i) Turn the taps off while brushing or bathing an...

What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

[question] Question. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? [/question] [solution] Solution: [/solution]...

Why are we normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?

[question] Question. Why are we normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick? [/question] [solution] Solution: In case of illness, the normal functions of the body get disturbed. So, a nourishing food is required which is easily digestible and contains all the nutrients. Therefore, bland and nourishing food is advised to take during sickness. [/solution]...

How will you explain the term unemployment?

[question] Question. How will you explain the term unemployment? [/question] [solution] Solution: Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs. An individual is termed as unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so. [/solution]...

We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders

[question] Question. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so? [/question] [solution] solution: The forest department of the government should have the authority to decide the management of forest produces. This is because the forest department is the care taker of the forest land and is responsible for any damage to the forest. [/...

In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects

[question] Question. In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant? If you get jaundice, If you get lice, If you get acne. Why? [/question] [solution] Solution: Lice and acne will not cause long lasting effects on our body. But in case of jaundice, there will be severe long lasting effects. For example: 1. High temperature, headache and joint pains. 2. Feeling of nausea and vomiting. 3. Initiating rashes. The patient will suffer...

Why are women employed in low paid work?

[question] Question. Why are women employed in low paid work? [/question] [solution] Solution: Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Due to gender discrimination, women are generally denied the education and the necessary skills to become worthy contributors to the national income. As a result, a majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men. Also, the perpetuati...

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