NCERT class 10 science book pdf - Free PDF Download - eSaral
NCERT Class 10 Science book PDF covers all 16 chapters across Physics, Chemistry, and Biology following the CBSE 2025–26 syllabus, available as free chapter-wise downloads with board exam preparation tips, subject-wise marks breakdown, and links to NCERT Solutions and previous year papers.
Table of Contents
- NCERT Class 10 Science Book PDF – Chapter-wise Download
- Chapter Overview: All 16 Chapters at a Glance
- NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus – Subject-wise Breakdown (CBSE 2025–26)
- How to Study NCERT Science Class 10 for Board Exams?
- Why Is NCERT Class 10 Science Book Important?
- Related NCERT Resources for Class 10
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NCERT Class 10 Science Book PDF – Chapter-wise Download
All 16 chapters of the NCERT Class 10 Science book are available below as free PDFs. Click any chapter to download instantly.
To understand the exam pattern and important topics, students are advised to solve CBSE Class 10 previous year question papers along with the NCERT Science textbook.
| Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Subject Area | PDF Download |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Chemical Reactions and Equations | Chemistry | PDF Download |
| Chapter 2 | Acids, Bases and Salts | Chemistry | PDF Download |
| Chapter 3 | Metals and Non-Metals | Chemistry | PDF Download |
| Chapter 4 | Carbon and its Compounds | Chemistry | PDF Download |
| Chapter 5 | Periodic Classification of Elements | Chemistry | PDF Download |
| Chapter 6 | Life Processes | Biology | PDF Download |
| Chapter 7 | Control and Coordination | Biology | PDF Download |
| Chapter 8 | How do Organisms Reproduce? | Biology | PDF Download |
| Chapter 9 | Heredity and Evolution | Biology | PDF Download |
| Chapter 10 | Light – Reflection and Refraction | Physics | PDF Download |
| Chapter 11 | The Human Eye and The Colourful World | Physics | PDF Download |
| Chapter 12 | Electricity | Physics | PDF Download |
| Chapter 13 | Magnetic Effects of Electric Current | Physics | PDF Download |
| Chapter 14 | Sources of Energy | Physics | PDF Download |
| Chapter 15 | Our Environment | Biology/Environment | PDF Download |
| Chapter 16 | Sustainable Management of Natural Resources | Biology/Environment | PDF Download |
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Chapter Overview: All 16 Chapters at a Glance
Understanding what each chapter covers helps you plan your board exam preparation effectively. Here is a quick overview of every chapter in the NCERT Class 10 Science book:
| Chapter | Key Concepts | Subject | Board Exam Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Chemical Reactions and Equations | Types of reactions, balancing equations, oxidation-reduction | Chemistry | High |
| 2. Acids, Bases and Salts | pH scale, indicators, neutralisation, salts | Chemistry | High |
| 3. Metals and Non-Metals | Physical & chemical properties, reactivity series, corrosion | Chemistry | High |
| 4. Carbon and Its Compounds | Covalent bonds, carbon compounds, soaps, and detergents | Chemistry | High |
| 5. Periodic Classification of Elements | Newlands, Mendeleev, Modern Periodic Table, trends | Chemistry | Medium |
| 6. Life Processes | Nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion | Biology | High |
| 7. Control and Coordination | Nervous system, hormones, reflex action | Biology | High |
| 8. How do Organisms Reproduce? | Asexual and sexual reproduction, the human reproductive system | Biology | High |
| 9. Heredity and Evolution | Mendel's laws, sex determination, and Darwin's theory | Biology | Medium–High |
| 10. Light – Reflection and Refraction | Laws of reflection/refraction, mirrors, lenses | Physics | High |
| 11. The Human Eye and The Colourful World | Eye defects, dispersion, scattering | Physics | Medium |
| 12. Electricity | Ohm's law, resistance, circuits, power | Physics | High |
| 13. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current | Magnetic field, motor, generator, domestic circuits | Physics | High |
| 14. Sources of Energy | Conventional vs non-conventional sources, nuclear energy | Physics | Medium |
| 15. Our Environment | Food chains, ecosystems, ozone layer | Biology/Environment | Medium |
| 16. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources | Water, forest, coal, and petroleum management | Biology/Environment | Low–Medium |
💡 Expert Tip by eSaral Academic Team (Kota's IITian & Doctor Faculties): Chapters 1–4 (Chemistry), Chapters 6–8 (Biology), and Chapters 10, 12–13 (Physics) carry the highest board exam weightage. Together these 9 chapters account for approximately 60–70% of your total Science marks. Prioritise them first.
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NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus – Subject-wise Breakdown (CBSE 2025–26)
CBSE divides the Class 10 Science board exam into three broad subject areas. Here is the official unit-wise marks distribution for 2025–26:
| Unit | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 — Chemical Substances (Chemistry) | Ch 1–5: Chemical Reactions, Acids/Bases, Metals, Carbon, Periodic Table | 25 |
| Unit 2 — World of Living (Biology) | Ch 6–9: Life Processes, Control & Coordination, Reproduction, Heredity | 25 |
| Unit 3 — Natural Phenomena (Physics) | Ch 10–11: Light, Human Eye | 12 |
| Unit 4 — Effects of Current (Physics) | Ch 12–13: Electricity, Magnetic Effects | 13 |
| Unit 5 — Natural Resources | Ch 14–16: Sources of Energy, Environment, Sustainability | 05 |
| Theory Total | 80 marks | |
| Internal Assessment | Practicals, Periodic Tests, Portfolio | 20 marks |
| Grand Total | 100 marks |
💡 Expert Tip by eSaral Academic Team (Kota's IITian & Doctor Faculties): Chemistry and Biology together account for 50 of 80 theory marks. Students who master Chapters 1–4 and Chapters 6–9 fully are already halfway to a strong board score. Never ignore the numerical chapters — Electricity (Ch 12) and Light (Ch 10) together bring 15–18 marks with proper formula practice.
Subject-wise Chapter Count
| Subject | Chapters | Theory Marks | Key Skill Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | Ch 1–5 (5 chapters) | 25 | Concept + reaction memorisation |
| Biology | Ch 6–9, 15–16 (6 chapters) | 30 | Diagram accuracy + process understanding |
| Physics | Ch 10–14 (5 chapters) | 25 | Numericals + ray diagrams |
How to Study NCERT Science Class 10 for Board Exams?
A structured approach to NCERT Science makes the difference between 70 marks and 90+ marks. Here is a proven 6-step method used by top scorers:
Step 1 — Read the NCERT Chapter Carefully
Every chapter in the NCERT Class 10 Science book starts with introductory examples, followed by theory, activities, and in-text questions. Read the entire chapter once before attempting any exercises. Do not skip activities — CBSE sometimes frames board questions around NCERT activities.
Step 2 — Draw All NCERT Diagrams
Science boards heavily test diagram-based questions. Draw every diagram from NCERT — the human heart, nephron, reflex arc, ray diagrams for mirrors and lenses, and electromagnetic induction. Label them accurately. Practice each diagram at least 3 times.
Step 3 — Solve All Chapter-End Exercises
CBSE board questions are almost entirely based on NCERT chapter-end exercises. Solve every question. Then check your answers using the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science.
Step 4 — Master the Numerical Chapters
Chapters 10 (Light), 12 (Electricity), and 13 (Magnetic Effects) contain numericals with formulas. Make a formula sheet for each chapter. Practice at least 15–20 numericals per chapter under timed conditions.
Step 5 — Practice with Previous Year Papers
Solve the last 5 years of CBSE Class 10 Science board papers. Check the CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2023 to see the exact question format and marking pattern. Time yourself — 3 hours for 80 marks.
Step 6 — Final Revision with Short Notes
In the last 3–4 weeks, revise using short notes — key reactions (Chemistry), diagrams (Biology), and formula sheets (Physics). Also, check Class 10 Science Revision Notes for chapter-wise summaries.
| Preparation Phase | Timeline | Primary Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter reading + exercises | June – September | All 16 NCERT chapters |
| Diagram practice | October – November | Biology + Physics diagrams |
| Numerical practice | November – December | Light, Electricity, Magnetic Effects |
| Previous year papers | January – February | Timed full-paper practice |
| Short notes revision | March (pre-exam) | Formula sheets + key reactions + diagrams |
Why Is NCERT Class 10 Science Book Important?
Why Is NCERT the Only Book You Need for Class 10 Science?
CBSE sets Class 10 Science board papers exclusively from NCERT content. Every question — whether direct, application-based, or diagram-based — maps to a concept, activity, or exercise from the NCERT Science textbook. Students who finish the NCERT book completely and revise it twice are fully prepared for the board exam without any extra reference material.
Beyond boards, NCERT Class 10 Science directly feeds into Class 11 and 12 concepts for JEE Main and NEET. Physics chapters like Light, Electricity, and Magnetic Effects reappear at a higher difficulty level in Class 12. Biology chapters on reproduction, heredity, and life processes are foundational for NEET Biology. Students who understand Class 10 NCERT Science deeply find Class 11 much easier to start.
How Many Chapters Are in NCERT Class 10 Science?
The NCERT Class 10 Science book has 16 chapters — 5 in Chemistry, 6 in Biology (including environment chapters), and 5 in Physics. All 16 chapters are part of the CBSE board exam syllabus for 2025–26. After completing all chapters from the NCERT Science book, solving CBSE Class 10 Sample Papers 2026 is the best way to test your preparation and boost confidence before exams.
Related NCERT Resources for Class 10
| Resource | Link |
|---|---|
| NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science | View Solutions |
| NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths | View Solutions |
| NCERT Solutions Class 10 (All Subjects) | View All |
| NCERT Books Class 10 (All Subjects) | View All Books |
| NCERT Class 10 Science Book (Hindi) | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Maths Book PDF | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Maths Book (Hindi) | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Physics Book PDF | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Chemistry Book PDF | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Biology Book PDF | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 English Book PDF | Download PDF |
| NCERT Class 10 Hindi Books PDF | Download PDF |
| Class 10 Science Revision Notes | View Notes |
| CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2023 | View Paper |
| CBSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper 2023 | View Paper |
| CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2023 | View Paper |
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Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions.
Where can I download the NCERT Class 10 Science book PDF for free?
All 16 chapters of the NCERT Class 10 Science book are available as free PDFs on this page. Click any chapter in the download table above to access the PDF instantly. No registration or login is required. The PDFs are from the official NCERT Science textbook for Class 10, following the CBSE 2025–26 syllabus.
How many chapters are in the NCERT Class 10 Science book?
The NCERT Class 10 Science book has 16 chapters — 5 chapters in Chemistry (Ch 1–5), 6 chapters in Biology including environment topics (Ch 6–9, 15–16), and 5 chapters in Physics (Ch 10–14). All 16 chapters are part of the official CBSE Class 10 Science board exam syllabus.
Is NCERT enough for Class 10 Science board exams?
Yes. NCERT is fully sufficient for scoring 90+ in CBSE Class 10 Science board exams. CBSE sets all board questions from NCERT concepts, exercises, and activities. Students who complete all 16 NCERT chapters, practice chapter-end exercises, and revise diagrams are completely prepared without needing any additional reference book.
How to study NCERT Class 10 Science effectively for boards?
Read the full NCERT chapter first, then draw all diagrams, and solve all chapter-end exercises. For Physics chapters, build a formula sheet and practice numericals daily. In January, solve previous year CBSE papers under timed conditions. In the final weeks, revise using short notes covering key reactions, diagrams, and formulas.
Is NCERT Class 10 Science useful for NEET and JEE preparation?
Yes. NCERT Class 10 Science builds the foundation for both NEET and JEE. Biology chapters on life processes, reproduction, and heredity appear in NEET directly. Physics chapters on light, electricity, and magnetism reappear at a higher level in Class 12 JEE preparation. Strong NCERT understanding at Class 10 gives a head start for competitive exams.