NCERT Class 10 biology book pdf - Free PDF Download - eSaral
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Table of Contents
- NCERT Class 10 Biology Chapter-wise PDF Download (English Medium)
- Class 10 Biology Book PDF in Hindi (विज्ञान, कक्षा 10)
- Download the Full NCERT Class 10 Science Book (Biology Included)
- Class 10 Biology Syllabus 2026-27: What Is in the Board Exam
- Class 10 Biology Marks Weightage 2026-27
- Class 10 Biology Practicals (CBSE 2026-27)
- Old vs New Class 10 Biology Chapter Numbers
- How to Study Class 10 Biology From the NCERT Book
- Related NCERT Class 10 Resources
eSaral ›Foundation courses ›Class 10›NCERT Class 10 biology book pdf - Free PDF Download - eSaral
NCERT Class 10 Biology Chapter-wise PDF Download (English Medium)
These are the 5 biology chapters of the NCERT Class 10 Science book, using the chapter numbers printed in the 2026-27 edition. Each link opens the official PDF on ncert.nic.in.
|
Ch. |
Chapter |
What it covers |
Pages |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
5 |
Life Processes |
Nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion in plants and animals |
21 |
|
|
6 |
Control and Coordination |
Nervous system, reflex action, plant tropisms and hormones, animal hormones |
13 |
|
|
7 |
How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and animals, reproductive health |
15 |
|
|
8 |
Heredity |
Inherited traits, Mendel's rules of inheritance, how traits are expressed, sex determination |
6 |
|
|
13 |
Our Environment |
Ecosystem, food chains and webs, ozone depletion, waste management |
10 |
Total: 65 pages of biology. Life Processes is the longest chapter at 21 pages, and Heredity is the shortest at 6 pages.
Need answers to the in-text and exercise questions? Use eSaral's NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science.
Class 10 Biology Book PDF in Hindi (विज्ञान, कक्षा 10)
The Hindi medium NCERT Science book uses the same chapter numbers as the English book.
For a Hindi-medium study guide, see NCERT Biology Class 10 book PDF in Hindi. For the full Hindi Science book, see NCERT Science book Class 10 in Hindi.
Download the Full NCERT Class 10 Science Book (Biology Included)
If you want all 13 chapters (physics, chemistry and biology) in one go, download the complete book as a ZIP file.
|
Medium |
Full book (ZIP, 13 chapters) |
Contents & prelims |
|---|---|---|
|
English |
||
|
Hindi |
Physics and chemistry chapters are covered on the Class 10 Physics book PDF and Class 10 Chemistry book PDF pages, and the whole book is on NCERT Class 10 Science book PDF.
Class 10 Biology Syllabus 2026-27: What Is in the Board Exam
All 5 biology chapters are in the 2026-27 syllabus. The only biology content kept out of the year-end exam is Evolution, which CBSE assesses formatively. The table follows the official CBSE Science (086) curriculum for 2026-27.
|
CBSE unit |
Chapter |
Topics for the board exam |
|---|---|---|
|
Unit II: World of Living (25 marks) |
5 Life Processes |
"Living being"; basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals |
|
6 Control and Coordination |
Tropic movements in plants; plant hormones; nervous system; voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; animal hormones |
|
|
7 How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and animals; reproductive health, family planning, safe sex vs HIV/AIDS; child bearing and women's health |
|
|
8 Heredity |
Heredity; Mendel's contribution and laws of inheritance; sex determination (brief introduction) |
|
|
Unit V: Natural Resources (5 marks) |
13 Our Environment |
Ecosystem; environmental problems; ozone depletion; waste production and solutions; biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances |
Biology topics not assessed in the 2026-27 year-end exam
- Evolution: acquired and inherited traits, speciation, evolution and classification, tracing evolutionary relationships, fossils, evolution by stages and human evolution. CBSE keeps these in the syllabus for formative (internal) assessment only and provides reading material for them.
- Boxed information: content printed in boxes in the NCERT textbook is for understanding and will not be assessed in the year-end exam.
Heredity vs Evolution: one teachers' note in the curriculum mentions "Heredity and Evolution" as not assessed. However, the unit content lists Heredity (Mendel's laws and sex determination) as a board-exam topic and moves only Evolution to formative assessment. Prepare Chapter 8 Heredity fully for the board exam.
See the complete CBSE Class 10 syllabus for all subjects.
Class 10 Biology Marks Weightage 2026-27
The Science theory paper is 80 marks. Biology chapters come under two units and together account for 30 marks, which is 37.5% of the theory paper.
|
Unit |
Chapters |
Marks |
|---|---|---|
|
I. Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour |
Ch 1–4 (chemistry) |
25 |
|
II. World of Living |
Ch 5, 6, 7, 8 (biology) |
25 |
|
III. Natural Phenomena |
Ch 9–10 (physics) |
12 |
|
IV. Effects of Current |
Ch 11–12 (physics) |
13 |
|
V. Natural Resources |
Ch 13 (biology) |
5 |
|
Theory total (internal assessment: 20) |
80 |
|
For section-wise question types, see the Class 10 exam pattern.
Class 10 Biology Practicals (CBSE 2026-27)
Four of the 14 experiments in the CBSE Class 10 Science list are biology practicals. All four come under Unit II.
|
Exp. no. |
Biology practical |
Linked chapter |
|---|---|---|
|
6 |
Temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata |
Life Processes |
|
7 |
Show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration |
Life Processes |
|
12 |
Binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast and Hydra (prepared slides) |
How do Organisms Reproduce? |
|
14 |
Parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidney bean) |
How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Old vs New Class 10 Biology Chapter Numbers
Many websites and older PDFs still use the pre-2023 Science book, which had 16 chapters. If your PDF says "Chapter 6 Life Processes" or includes "Sustainable Management of Natural Resources", it is outdated.
|
Old book (16 chapters) |
Current book, Reprint 2026-27 (13 chapters) |
|---|---|
|
Ch 6 Life Processes |
Ch 5 Life Processes |
|
Ch 7 Control and Coordination |
Ch 6 Control and Coordination |
|
Ch 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Ch 7 How do Organisms Reproduce? |
|
Ch 9 Heredity and Evolution |
Ch 8 Heredity (evolution section removed) |
|
Ch 15 Our Environment |
Ch 13 Our Environment |
|
Ch 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources |
Not in the book |
NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 biology
CBSE lists NCERT Exemplar Problems as a prescribed book. The Exemplar still uses the old chapter numbers, so match it by chapter name: Life Processes, Control and Coordination, How do Organisms Reproduce?, Heredity and Evolution (skip the evolution questions for the board exam) and Our Environment.
How to Study Class 10 Biology From the NCERT Book
- Start with Life Processes. It is the longest biology chapter, and its four parts (nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion) each lend themselves to questions on their own. Break it into four study sessions.
- Draw every labelled diagram twice. Practise the human digestive system, heart, nephron, neuron, reflex arc, brain, flower (longitudinal section) and germinating seed until you can draw them from memory.
- Make a comparison table per chapter. Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration, xylem vs phloem, nervous vs hormonal control, and asexual vs sexual reproduction are easier to revise side by side.
- Solve Mendel's crosses on paper. Heredity is only 6 pages, but monohybrid and dihybrid crosses need written practice, not just reading.
- Skip the boxes and evolution for the exam, but read them once. They help you understand the chapter even though they are not assessed in the year-end paper.
- Finish with past papers. Solve biology questions from CBSE Class 10 previous year papers and Class 10 important questions.
Want a structured plan for Boards 2027? Join eSaral's Class 10 Crash Course online, or study in person at the Class 10 Offline Crash Course in Kota.
Related NCERT Class 10 Resources
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NCERT Books for Class 10 (all subjects) |
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NCERT Class 10 Science Book PDF |
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science |
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NCERT Class 10 English Book PDF |
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CBSE Class 10 Results (eSaral students) |
Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions.