Class 10 Maths NCERT book pdf - Free PDF Download - eSaral
NCERT Class 10 Maths book has 15 chapters — from Real Numbers and Polynomials to Trigonometry, Circles, Statistics, and Probability — covering the full CBSE board syllabus and forming the foundation for JEE Main preparation, with Algebra chapters carrying the highest board exam weightage of approximately 20 marks.
Table of Contents
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Why the NCERT Class 10 Maths Book Is Essential
The NCERT Class 10 Maths book serves two critical purposes. First, it is the primary source for CBSE Class 10 board exams — every board question is either directly from NCERT exercises or based on NCERT concepts. Second, it builds the mathematical foundation required for JEE Main, NEET, and other competitive exams at the Class 11–12 level.
Chapters like Trigonometry, Coordinate Geometry, and Polynomials from Class 10 NCERT appear directly in the JEE Main syllabus. A student who masters Class 10 NCERT Maths does not just pass boards — they get a head start on competitive exam preparation.
💡 Expert Tip by eSaral IIT Faculty: "Class 10 Maths is not just about passing boards. Chapters like Coordinate Geometry (Ch. 7), Quadratic Equations (Ch. 4), and Trigonometry (Ch. 8–9) are direct prerequisites for JEE Math. Master these chapters at the NCERT level before moving to advanced problems."
NCERT Class 10 Maths Syllabus 2025 — Chapter Overview
The NCERT Class 10 Maths book has 15 chapters divided across 6 major units. Here is the complete chapter-wise breakdown with unit mapping and board exam weightage:
| Unit | Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Board Marks Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number Systems | 1 | Real Numbers | 6 |
| Algebra | 2 | Polynomials | 20 |
| Algebra | 3 | Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables | 20 |
| Algebra | 4 | Quadratic Equations | 20 |
| Algebra | 5 | Arithmetic Progressions | 20 |
| Geometry | 6 | Triangles | 15 |
| Coordinate Geometry | 7 | Coordinate Geometry | 6 |
| Trigonometry | 8 | Introduction to Trigonometry | 12 |
| Trigonometry | 9 | Some Applications of Trigonometry | 12 |
| Geometry | 10 | Circles | 15 |
| Geometry | 11 | Constructions | 15 |
| Mensuration | 12 | Areas Related to Circles | 10 |
| Mensuration | 13 | Surface Areas and Volumes | 10 |
| Statistics & Probability | 14 | Statistics | 11 |
| Statistics & Probability | 15 | Probability | 11 |
Note: Weightage is approximate based on CBSE Class 10 Maths standard paper pattern. Official weightage may vary — always refer to the CBSE official website for the current year's blueprint.
Chapter-Wise PDF Download Links
All 15 chapters of NCERT Class 10 Maths are available as free PDF downloads. Click on each chapter to download:
| Chapter | Chapter Name | Key Topics Covered |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Real Numbers | Euclid's Division Lemma, HCF, LCM, Irrational Numbers |
| Chapter 2 | Polynomials | Zeros of a polynomial, Division algorithm, Relationship between zeroes and coefficients |
| Chapter 3 | Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables | Graphical method, Substitution, Elimination, Cross-multiplication |
| Chapter 4 | Quadratic Equations | Factorisation, Completing the square, Quadratic formula, Discriminant |
| Chapter 5 | Arithmetic Progressions | nth term, Sum of n terms, Applications |
| Chapter 6 | Triangles | Similar triangles, Basic Proportionality Theorem, Pythagoras Theorem |
| Chapter 7 | Coordinate Geometry | Distance formula, Section formula, Area of a triangle |
| Chapter 8 | Introduction to Trigonometry | Trigonometric ratios, Identities and Values of standard angles |
| Chapter 9 | Some Applications of Trigonometry | Heights and distances, Angle of elevation, Angle of depression |
| Chapter 10 | Circles | Tangent to a circle, Number of tangents from a point |
| Chapter 11 | Constructions | Division of a line segment, Tangent construction |
| Chapter 12 | Areas Related to Circles | Area of sector, Area of segment, Combinations |
| Chapter 13 | Surface Areas and Volumes | Combinations of solids, Conversion of solids, Frustum |
| Chapter 14 | Statistics | Mean, Median, Mode of grouped data, Cumulative frequency |
| Chapter 15 | Probability | Classical probability, Complement, Event types |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 — Subject-Wise List
Along with the Maths book PDF, eSaral provides step-by-step NCERT Solutions for all Class 10 subjects. These solutions follow the CBSE marking scheme so students understand exactly how to write answers in board exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
Full chapter-wise solutions with detailed explanations — View Class 10 Maths Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
Physics, Chemistry, and Biology chapters covered with diagram support.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
| Book | Chapters Covered |
|---|---|
| First Flight | All prose and poetry chapters |
| Footprints Without Feet | All supplementary reader chapters |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi
| Book | Details |
|---|---|
| Kshitij | Main Hindi course book |
| Sparsh | Second language course |
| Sanchayan | Supplementary reader |
| Kritika | Second language supplementary |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science
History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics — all chapters with map-based answers.
How to Study NCERT Class 10 Maths Effectively
Is NCERT Enough for the Class 10 Maths Board Exam?
For CBSE Class 10 boards, NCERT is sufficient for 80% of the paper. Every theorem, formula, and example type tested in board exams appears in the NCERT. The remaining 20% comes from application-based questions, which become easy once NCERT examples and exercises are mastered completely.
Follow this step-by-step approach for each chapter:
Step 1 — Read the theory section without skipping examples. Each solved example in NCERT introduces a question type you will see in your exam.
Step 2 — Solve all Exercise questions in order. Do not skip any. NCERT exercises are graded in difficulty — early questions build the technique, later questions test application.
Step 3 — Solve NCERT Exemplar problems once the exercises are done. Exemplar problems are slightly harder and are now regularly appearing in CBSE boards.
Step 4 — Attempt the previous year's CBSE board papers for that chapter. Identify question patterns and time yourself.
Step 5 — Revise formulas and theorems two days before your exam using revision notes — not full chapters.
💡 Expert Tip by eSaral IIT Faculty: "The most common mistake in Class 10 Maths boards is skipping NCERT proofs. Theorems like the Pythagoras Theorem proof (Ch. 6) and the proof of irrationality of √2 (Ch. 1) carry direct marks in board exams. Never skip them."
Chapter-Wise Difficulty and Time Allocation
| Chapter | Difficulty (Board Exam) | Recommended Study Time |
|---|---|---|
| Real Numbers | Easy | 3–4 hours |
| Polynomials | Easy–Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Linear Equations | Medium | 5–6 hours |
| Quadratic Equations | Medium | 5–6 hours |
| Arithmetic Progressions | Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Triangles | Medium–Hard | 7–8 hours |
| Coordinate Geometry | Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Trigonometry (Ch. 8) | Medium | 5–6 hours |
| Applications of Trigonometry | Easy–Medium | 3–4 hours |
| Circles | Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Constructions | Easy | 2–3 hours (practice-heavy) |
| Areas Related to Circles | Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Surface Areas & Volumes | Medium | 5–6 hours |
| Statistics | Easy–Medium | 4–5 hours |
| Probability | Easy | 2–3 hours |
Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions.
How can I download the NCERT Class 10 Maths book PDF chapter-wise?
NCERT Class 10 Maths book PDF is available for free download chapter-wise from the official NCERT website (ncert.nic.in) and from eSaral's resource section. Each chapter can be downloaded individually so students can access specific chapters without downloading the full book.
Which chapters are in NCERT Class 10 Maths?
NCERT Class 10 Maths has 15 chapters: Real Numbers, Polynomials, Pair of Linear Equations, Quadratic Equations, Arithmetic Progressions, Triangles, Coordinate Geometry, Introduction to Trigonometry, Applications of Trigonometry, Circles, Constructions, Areas Related to Circles, Surface Areas and Volumes, Statistics, and Probability.
Is NCERT enough for Class 10 Maths board exam?
Yes, NCERT is sufficient for 80% of the CBSE Class 10 Maths board exam. All exercises, examples, and theorems in NCERT must be completed thoroughly. For the remaining 20%, students should practice NCERT Exemplar problems and previous year CBSE board papers, which include application-based questions.
Which is the most important chapter in NCERT Class 10 Maths for boards?
Algebra chapters — Quadratic Equations, Arithmetic Progressions, and Pair of Linear Equations — carry the highest combined weightage (approximately 20 marks) in CBSE Class 10 boards. Triangles and Trigonometry are also high-weightage chapters. Together, these five chapters account for nearly 60% of the paper.
How many exercises are in the NCERT Class 10 Maths?
NCERT Class 10 Maths has approximately 40 exercises across 15 chapters, plus optional exercises in some chapters. Each chapter also contains solved examples that are as important as the exercises for board exam preparation. Completing all exercises typically takes 150–180 hours of focused study.