Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026 – Unit-Wise Marks & Free PDF Download
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The Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) Class 12 Physics syllabus is the foundation of your intermediate science preparation. Whether you are targeting a top score in the BSEB board exam or planning to appear for JEE Main or NEET alongside, knowing the exact syllabus and marks distribution is the first step to building a smart study plan.
This article covers the complete Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus, including every topic under all 10 units, unit-wise marks weightage, and a study priority guide to help you focus on high-scoring areas first. A free PDF download link is also provided below.
Physics carries 70 marks in theory for the Bihar Board Class 12 exam. Scoring well requires more than reading the textbook — it requires understanding which units carry the most marks and practising the right types of questions. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics are a reliable starting point because the BSEB syllabus closely aligns with the NCERT framework.
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Physics Syllabus Class 12: Unit-wise Marks Distribution
The Bihar Board Class 12 Physics theory paper is out of 70 marks. The table below shows every unit and its exact mark weightage.
| Unit Name | Marks Weightage |
| Unit 1: Electrostatics | 08 |
| Unit 2: Current Electricity | 07 |
| Unit 3: Magnetic effect of current and Magnetism | 08 |
| Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current | 08 |
| Unit 5: Electromotive Waves | 03 |
| Unit 6: Optics | 14 |
| Unit 7: Dual Nature of Matter | 04 |
| Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei | 06 |
| Unit 9: Electronic Devices | 07 |
| Unit 10: Communication Systems | 07 |
| Total | 70 |
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Download BIHAR BOARD CLASS 12 PHYSICS SYLLABUS PDF
Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus
Unit-1 Electrostatics
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Electric Charges: Law of Conservation of Charge
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Coulomb’s Law: Force between two point charges; forces between multiple charges
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Superposition Principle and Charge Distribution
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Electric Field: Due to a point charge, due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, electric field lines
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Electric Flux and Gauss’s Theorem and its applications:
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Infinitely long straight wire
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Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
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Uniformly charged thin spherical shell
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Electric Potential: Potential difference, system of charges and dipole, equipotential surfaces
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Conductors and Insulators: Charges inside a conductor, polarisation
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Capacitors and Capacitance: Series and parallel combinations, parallel plate capacitor, energy stored in a capacitor
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Van de Graaff Generator: Working principle, concept and construction
Unit-2 Current Electricity
- Ohm’s law
- Resistance: Electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy, electrical resistivity, power and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance.
- Carbon resistors: colour code, combinations of resistors.
- Cell: Internal resistanc, potential difference, combination of cells.
- Kirchhoff’s laws its applications.
- Wheatstone Bridge: Principle and its application
- Metre Bridge: Principle and its application.
- Potentiometer: Principle and its application
Unit 3 Magnetic effect of current and Magnetism
- Oersted’s experiment.
- Biot – Savart law and its application.
- Ampere’s law and its applications.
- Straight and toroidal solenoid, Cyclotron.
- Moving Coil Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter
- Torque on a magnetic dipole
- Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
- Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths.
- Permanent magnets.
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Unit 4 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current
- Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents.
- Self and mutual induction, Need for replacement current.
- Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current.
- AC generator and transformer.
Unit 5 Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic waves: characteristics and nature of waves.
- Electromagnetic spectrum: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared Rays, Ultraviolet, X-rays & gamma rays.
Unit 6 Optics Ray Optics
- Reflection: types of mirror, spherical mirrors, mirror formula.
- Refraction: total internal reflection and its uses, optical fibres, lenses, lens formula, lensmaker’s formula.
- Magnification: power of a lens, thin lenses combination in contact.
- Prism: Refraction & dispersion of light through a prism, Scattering of light, Concept of appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
Optical Instruments
- Human eye: image formation, eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism). Correction of Eye defects using lenses.
- Microscopes and astronomical telescopes.
Wave Optics
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- Wave fronts
- Huygens principle, plane waves reflection and refraction. Laws of reflection and refraction Proofs.
- Interference Young’s double slit experiment: expression for fringe width
- Diffraction due to a single slit: width of central maximum.
- Resolving power: microscopes and astronomical telescopes.
- Polarisation: Polaroids, Brewster’s law, plane polarised light, uses of plane polarised light
Unit-7 Dual Nature of Matter
- Photoelectric Effect: Einstein’s photoelectric equation, Hertz and Lenard’s observations.
- Wave nature of particles, De Broglie wavelength.
- Davisson-Germer Experiment.
Unit 8 Atoms and Nuclei
- Rutherford’s Experiment & Model; Bohr’s Model, Atomic Energy Levels, Emission spectrum of hydrogen
- Nucleus, atomic masses, Isotopes, Isobars & isotones.
- Radioactivity rays/particles: Alpha, beta and gamma with their properties, Radioactive decay law.
- Mass defect & Binding Energy, Mass-energy Relation, Nuclear fission & Nuclear fusion.
Unit 9 Electronic Devices
- Semiconductor: Extrinsic & Intrinsic Semiconductors, Types of diode, characteristics in forward and reverse bias.
- Rectifier: Rectifier as a Diode, Half Wave Rectifier, Full Wave Rectifier.
- Transistor: characteristics of transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration), transistor as a switch.
- Analog and digital signals: Basic concept, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR),
Unit 10 Communication Systems
- Basic terminology used in Electronic communication system
- Block Diagram of a Communication System.
- Bandwidth of Signals & transmission Medium.
- Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in the Atmosphere.
- Modulation and its Importance.
- Amplitude Modulation: Production and detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave.
- Sky and space Wave Propagation, Satellite Communication.
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How to Prepare for Bihar Board Class 12 Physics?
What is the best way to prepare for Bihar Board Class 12 Physics?
Follow a structured approach rather than reading chapters randomly.
Step 1 – Know the syllabus and weightage
Print or bookmark this page. Map each unit to the number of marks it carries before you open a single textbook.
Step 2 – Use NCERT as your primary resource
The BSEB syllabus is built on NCERT. Every derivation, experiment, and formula mentioned above is covered in the NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook. Refer to detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics to verify your answers and understand problem-solving methods.
Step 3 – Prioritise High-Weightage Units
Spend at least 40% of your Physics study time on Unit 6 (Optics), Unit 1 (Electrostatics), Unit 3 (Magnetic Effects), and Unit 4 (Electromagnetic Induction).
Step 4 – Solve Previous Year Papers
BSEB repeats question patterns. Solving 5 years of previous papers reveals exactly which topics appear as long-answer questions versus short-answer questions.
Step 5 – Clear doubts immediately
Unresolved doubts in Physics compound quickly. eSaral's 5-layer doubt-solving system — used by students preparing for both BSEB and JEE — ensures no question goes unanswered, whether through live sessions, recorded explanations, or direct faculty interaction.
If you are also preparing for JEE or NEET alongside BSEB, use NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics to strengthen your foundational concepts, particularly in Mechanics and Thermodynamics, which underpin several Class 12 topics.
This information would be useful for those who are looking for the Physics Class 12th Syllabus of the Bihar Board. Get to know the detailed syllabus of Class 12th for all Subjects and prepare accordingly for the upcoming Exams. Download eSaral App and get access to interactive learning and Video lectures related to board, JEE & NEET Preparation. CLICK HERE & Get Bihar Board Syllabus 12th Science 2019 in PDF form.
Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions.
Can I prepare for JEE Main and Bihar Board Physics at the same time?
Yes, and the overlap is significant. The Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus covers nearly all topics that appear in JEE Main Paper 1 Physics. Units like Optics, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, and Modern Physics are common to both. Students at eSaral, taught by IIT Bombay faculty including AIR-41 ranker, regularly clear both exams with targeted preparation using a single study plan.
How should I divide my study time across Physics units for BSEB?
Allocate study time roughly in proportion to marks. Optics (14 marks) deserves the most time — around 20% of your Physics study hours. Electrostatics, Magnetic Effects, and Electromagnetic Induction (8 marks each) should each get about 10–12% of your time. Electromagnetic Waves (3 marks) and Dual Nature of Matter (4 marks) can be covered quickly near the end.
What is the total marks for Bihar Board Class 12 Physics theory?
The Bihar Board Class 12 Physics theory paper is out of 70 marks. In addition to theory, the BSEB also has a practical examination component. Students should check the official BSEB notification for the exact practical marks allocation for their exam year, as it can vary.
Is the Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus the same as NCERT?
The Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus is largely based on the NCERT framework. Most topics, derivations, and experiments listed in the BSEB syllabus are covered in the NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook. Students can use NCERT as their primary study resource and refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics for solved exercises.
Which unit has the highest marks in Bihar Board Class 12 Physics?
Optics (Unit 6) carries the highest marks — 14 out of 70. It covers three sub-sections: Ray Optics, Optical Instruments, and Wave Optics. Students should dedicate significant preparation time to this unit, including Young's Double Slit Experiment, mirror and lens formulae, and the functioning of microscopes and telescopes.
How many units are in the Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus?
Bihar Board Class 12 Physics syllabus has 10 units in total. These range from Electrostatics (Unit 1) to Communication Systems (Unit 10). The theory paper carries 70 marks, and each unit has a defined marks weightage. Optics is the largest unit with 14 marks, while Electromagnetic Waves is the smallest with 3 marks