Q. In an experiment the angles are required to be measured using an instrument 29 divisions of the main scale exactly coincide with the 30 divisions of the vernier scale. If the smallest division of the main scale is half-a-degree $\left(=0.5^{\circ}\right)$, then the least count of the instrument is :- (1) One degree(2) Half degree(3) One minute(4) Half minute[AIEEE - 2009]
Ans. (3) Least count of vernier callipersL.C. = 1MSD – 1VSDBut here $29 \mathrm{MSD}=30 \mathrm{VSD} \Rightarrow 1 \mathrm{VSD}=\frac{29}{30} \mathrm{MSD}$$\Rightarrow \mathrm{L.C.}=1 \mathrm{MSD}-\frac{29}{30} \mathrm{MSD}=$$\frac{1}{30} \mathrm{MSD}=\frac{1}{30} \times 0.5^{\circ}=\left(\frac{1}{60}\right)^{\circ}=1$ minute.
Q. In an optics experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student varies the position of a convex lens and for each position, the screen is adjusted to get a clear image of the object. A graph between the object distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted using the same scale for the two axes. A straight line passing through the origin and making an angle of $45^{\circ}$ with the x-axis meets the experimental curve at P. The coordinates of P will be :- (1) (ƒ, ƒ)(2) (4ƒ, 4ƒ)(3) (2ƒ, 2ƒ)(4) $\left(\frac{f}{2}, \frac{f}{2}\right)$[AIEEE - 2009]
Ans. (3)
Q. The respective number of significant figures for the numbers $23.023,0.0003$ and $2.1 \times 10^{-3}$ are :- (1) 4, 4, 2 (2) 5, 1, 2 (3) 5, 1, 5 (4) 5, 5, 2[AIEEE - 2010]
Ans. (2) 5, 1, 2 resp.
Q. A screw gauge gives the following reading when used to measure the diameter of a wire. Main scale reading : 0 mm.Circular scale reading : 52 divisionsGiven that 1 mm on main scale corresponds to 100 divisions of the circular scale.The diameter of wire from the above date is :-(1) 0.026 cm (2) 0.005 cm (3) 0.52 cm (4) 0.052 cm[AIEEE - 2011]
Ans. (4) Least count $=\frac{1 \mathrm{mm}}{100}=0.01 \mathrm{mm}$Diameter of the wire = 0 + 52 × 0.01 mm = 0.52 mm = 0.052 cm
Q. A spectrometer gives the following reading when used to measure the angle of a prism. Main scale reading : 58.5 degree Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions Given that 1 division on main scale corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total divisions on the vernier scale is 30 and match with 29 divisions of the main scale. The angle of the prism from the above data : (1) 59 degree (2) 58.59 degree (3) 58.77 degree (4) 58.65 degree[AIEEE - 2012]
Ans. (4) Least count = MSD – VSDwhere $\mathrm{MSD}=0.5^{\circ} \& 30 \mathrm{VSD}=29 \mathrm{MSD}$so least count $=0.5^{\circ}-\left(\frac{29}{30}\right) \times 0.5^{\circ}=\left(\frac{0.5}{30}\right)^{\circ}$Reading $=58.5^{\circ}+(09) \times\left(\frac{0.5}{30}\right)^{\circ}=58.65^{\circ}$
Q. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by measuring the current flowing in it and the voltage difference applied across it. If the percentage errors in the measurement of the current and the voltage difference are 3% each, then error in the value of resistance of the wire is :- (1) 3% (2) 6% (3) zero (4) 1% [AIEEE - 2012]
Q. The current voltage relation of diode is given by $\mathrm{I}=\left(\mathrm{e}^{1000 \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{T}}-1\right) \mathrm{mA}$, where the applied voltage V is in volts and the temperature T is in degree Kelvin. If a student makes an error measuring $\pm 0.01 \mathrm{V}$ while measuring the current of 5 mA at 300 K, what will be error in the value of current in mA ? (1) 0.5 mA (2) 0.05 mA (3) 0.2 mA (4) 0.02 mA[JEE-Mains 2014]
Ans. (3) Given current $\mathrm{I}=\left(e^{1000 \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{T}}-1\right) \mathrm{mA}$$\Rightarrow \mathrm{I}+1=e^{1000 \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{T}}$$\mathrm{d} \mathrm{l}=\frac{1000}{\mathrm{T}}\left[e^{\frac{1000 \mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{T}}}\right] \mathrm{d} \mathrm{V}$$\mathrm{d} \mathrm{l}=\frac{1000}{\mathrm{T}}[1+1] \mathrm{dV}=\frac{1000}{300}[6] \times(0.01)$dI = 0.2 mA
Q. A student measured the length of a rod and wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he use to measure it ? (1) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm.(2) A screw gauge having 50 divisions in the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm.(3) A meter scale(4) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions in vernier scale matches with 9 division in main scale and main scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm.[JEE-Mains 2014]
Ans. (4) Least count of varnier calliper is 0.01 cmHence it matches with the reading.
Q. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is T = $2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{g}}}$. Measured value of L is 20.0 cm known to 1 mm accuracy and time for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is found to be 90s using a wrist watch of 1s resolution. The accuracy in the determination of g is : (1)1% (2) 5% (3) 2% (4) 3%[JEE-Mains 2015]
Q. A screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a circular scale with 50 divisions is used to measure the thickness of a thin sheet of Aluminium. Before starting the measurement , it is found that when the two jaws of the screw gauge are brought in contact, the 45th division coincides with the main scale line and that the zero of the main scale is barely visible. What is the thickness of the sheet if the main scale reading is 0.5 mm and the 25th division coincides with the main scale line ? (1) 0.50 mm (2) 0.75 mm (3) 0.80 mm (4) 0.70 mm[JEE-Mains 2016]
Ans. (3)
Q. A student measures the time period of 100 oscillations of a simple pendulum four times. The data set is 90 s, 91 s, 95 s and 92 s. If the minimum division in the measuring clock is 1 s, then the reported mean time should be :- (1) $92 \pm 3 \mathrm{s}$(2) $92 \pm 2 \mathrm{s}$(3) $92 \pm 5.0 \mathrm{s}$(4) $92 \pm 1.8 \mathrm{s}$[JEE-Mains 2016]
Ans. (2) $\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{AV}}=92 \mathrm{s}$$(|\Delta \mathrm{T}|)_{\text {mean }}=1.5 \mathrm{s}$Least conunt of clock is 1sec. So value that clock can measure should be 1, 2, 3......so onso reported mean time should be$92 \pm 2$Ref : NCERT (XIth) Ex. 2.7, Page. 25
Q. The following observations were taken for determining surface tensiton T of water by capillary method : Diameter of capilary, $\mathrm{D}=1.25 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{m}$rise of water, $h=1.45 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{m}$Using $\mathrm{g}=9.80 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ and the simplified relation$\mathrm{T}=\frac{\mathrm{rhg}}{2} \times 10^{3} \mathrm{N} / \mathrm{m},$ the possible error in surface tension is closest to :(1) 2.4% (2) 10% (3) 0.15% (4) 1.5%[JEE-Mains 2017]
Q. The density of a material in the shape of a cube is determined by measuring three sides of the cube and its mass. If the relative errors in measuring the mass and length are respectively 1.5% and 1%, the maximum error in determining the density is :- (1) 3.5 % (2) 4.5 % (3) 6 % (4) 2.5 %[JEE-Mains 2018]
Ans. (2) Density $=\frac{\text { Mass }}{\text { Volume }}$$\frac{1 \Delta \mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{1 \Delta \mathrm{M}}{\mathrm{M}}+\frac{3 \Delta \mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{L}}$= 1.5 + 3(1)= 4.5 %
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Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions.
What is the least count of an instrument?
The least count is the smallest measurement that an instrument can accurately measure. It determines the precision of the instrument.
How is the least count of a Vernier Caliper calculated?
The least count of a Vernier Caliper is calculated using:
Least Count=1MSD−1VSD
where MSD is the Main Scale Division and VSD is the Vernier Scale Division.
What are significant figures?
Significant figures are the meaningful digits in a measured quantity that indicate its precision. They include all certain digits and the first uncertain digit.
Why are significant figures important in measurements?
Significant figures help represent the accuracy of experimental data and prevent reporting results with unrealistic precision.
What is zero error in a Screw Gauge?
.
Zero error occurs when the screw gauge does not show zero reading when its jaws are fully closed. This error must be corrected to obtain accurate measurements.
