Give examples of two functions

Solution:

Let us consider a function $f: N \rightarrow N$ given by $f(x)=x+1$, which is not onto.

[This not onto because if we take 0 in N (co-domain), then,

0=x+1

$\Rightarrow x=-1 \notin N]$

Let us consider $g: N \rightarrow N$ given by

$g(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}x-1, \text { if } x>1 \\ 1, \text { if } x=1\end{array}\right.$

Now, let us find $(g o f)(x)$

Case 1: $x>1$

$(g o f)(x)=g(f(x))=g(x+1)=x+1-1=x$

Case $2: x=1$

$(g o f)(x)=g(f(x))=g(x+1)=1$

From case-1 and case-2, $(g o f)(x)=x, \forall x \in N$,

which is an identity function and, hence, it is onto.

 

which is an identity function and, hence, it is onto.