If θ is the angle between two vectors

Question:

If $\theta$ is the angle between two vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$, then $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \geq 0$ only when

(A) $0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}$

(B) $0 \leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}$

(C) $0<\theta<\pi$

(D) $0 \leq \theta \leq \pi$

Solution:

Let $\theta$ be the angle between two vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$.

Then, without loss of generality, $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are non-zero vectors so that $|\vec{a}|$ and $|\vec{b}|$ are positive.

It is known that $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}=|\vec{a}||\vec{b}| \cos \theta$.

$\therefore \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \geq 0$

$\Rightarrow|\vec{a}| \vec{b} \mid \cos \theta \geq 0$

$\Rightarrow \cos \theta \geq 0$                                     $[|\vec{a}|$ and $|\vec{b}|$ are positive $]$

$\Rightarrow 0 \leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}$

Hence, $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \geq 0$ when $0 \leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}$.

The correct answer is B.

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