If there were only one type

Question:
If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then

(a) $\oint_{z}$ E.ds $\neq 0$ on any surface

(b) $\oint_{z} E \cdot d s=0$ if the charge is outside the surface

(c) $\oint_{s} E . \mathrm{d} S$ could not be defined

(d) $\oint_{s} \mathrm{E} \cdot \mathrm{dS}=\frac{q}{\varepsilon_{0}}$ if charges of magnitude $q$ were inside the surface

Solution:

According to the Gauss' law

$\int_{S} E \cdot d s=\frac{q}{\varepsilon_{o}}$

Where q is the charge enclosed by the surface. If the charge is outside the surface, then charge

If the charge is outside the surface, then charge enclosed by the surface is q = 0, therefore,

$\int_{s} E \cdot d s=0$

Electric flux doesn't depend on the nature or type of charge.

If there were only one type

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