If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then
(a) $\oint_{z}$ E.ds $\neq 0$ on any surface
(b) $\oint_{z} E \cdot d s=0$ if the charge is outside the surface
(c) $\oint_{s} E . \mathrm{d} S$ could not be defined
(d) $\oint_{s} \mathrm{E} \cdot \mathrm{dS}=\frac{q}{\varepsilon_{0}}$ if charges of magnitude $q$ were inside the surface
According to the Gauss' law
$\int_{S} E \cdot d s=\frac{q}{\varepsilon_{o}}$
Where q is the charge enclosed by the surface. If the charge is outside the surface, then charge
If the charge is outside the surface, then charge enclosed by the surface is q = 0, therefore,
$\int_{s} E \cdot d s=0$
Electric flux doesn't depend on the nature or type of charge.
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