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Solution:

The given differential equation is:

$\cos ^{2} x \frac{d y}{d x}+y=\tan x$

$\Rightarrow \frac{d y}{d x}+\sec ^{2} x \cdot y=\sec ^{2} x \tan x$

This equation is in the form of:

$\frac{d y}{d x}+p y=Q$ (where $p=\sec ^{2} x$ and $Q=\sec ^{2} x \tan x$ )

Now, I.F $=e^{\int p d x}=e^{\int \sec ^{2} x d x}=e^{\tan x}$.

The general solution of the given differential equation is given by the relation,

$y(\mathrm{I.F} .)=\int(\mathrm{Q} \times \mathrm{I.F} .) d x+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y \cdot e^{\tan x}=\int e^{\tan x} \cdot \sec ^{2} x \tan x d x+\mathrm{C}$                 ...(1)

Let $\tan x=t .$

$\Rightarrow \frac{d}{d x}(\tan x)=\frac{d t}{d x}$

$\Rightarrow \sec ^{2} x=\frac{d t}{d x}$

$\Rightarrow \sec ^{2} x d x=d t$

Therefore, equation (1) becomes:

$y \cdot e^{\tan x}=\int\left(e^{t} \cdot t\right) d t+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y \cdot e^{\tan x}=\int\left(t \cdot e^{t}\right) d t+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y \cdot e^{\tan x}=t \cdot \int e^{t} d t-\int\left(\frac{d}{d t}(t) \cdot \int e^{t} d t\right) d t+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y \cdot e^{\tan x}=t \cdot e^{t}-\int e^{\prime} d t+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y e^{\tan x}=(t-1) e^{t}+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y e^{\tan x}=(\tan x-1) e^{\tan x}+\mathrm{C}$

$\Rightarrow y=(\tan x-1)+\mathrm{C} e^{-\tan x}$