Show that the function f: R* → R* defined by

Solution:

It is given that $f: \mathbf{R}_{\star} \rightarrow \mathbf{R}_{*}$ is defined by $f(x)=\frac{1}{x}$.

One-one:

$f(x)=f(y)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{y}$

$\Rightarrow x=y$

∴f is one-one.

Onto:

It is clear that for $y \in \mathbf{R}_{\star}$, there exists $x=\frac{1}{y} \in \mathrm{R}$. (Exists as $y \neq 0$ ) such that

$f(x)=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{y}\right)}=y .$

∴f is onto.

Thus, the given function (f) is one-one and onto.

Now, consider function $g: \mathbf{N} \rightarrow \mathbf{R}_{\star}$ defined by

$g(x)=\frac{1}{x}$

We have,

$g\left(x_{1}\right)=g\left(x_{2}\right) \Rightarrow \frac{1}{x_{1}}=\frac{1}{x_{2}} \Rightarrow x_{1}=x_{2}$

∴g is one-one.

Further, it is clear that $g$ is not onto as for $1.2 \in \mathbf{R}_{*}$ there does not exit any $x$ in $\mathbf{N}$ such that $g(x)=\frac{1}{1.2}$.

Hence, function g is one-one but not onto.