Under what conditions permanent electromagnet

Question:

Under what conditions permanent electromagnet is obtained if a current carrying solenoid is used ? Support your answer with the help of a labelled circuit diagram.

Solution:

Permanent electromagnet is obtained if

  1. direct current flows through the solenoid and
  2. steel rod (a magnetic substance) is placed inside the solenoid.

In other words, a steel rod can be made a permanent electro-magnet if it is placed inside a solenoid carrying direct current as shown in figure.

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