What are the major transport mechanisms for $mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ? Explain.

Plasma and red blood cells transport carbon dioxide. This is because they are readily soluble in water.

(1) Through plasma:

About $7 \%$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. Carbon dioxide combines with water and forms carbonic acid.

Since the process of forming carbonic acid is slow, only a small amount of carbon dioxide is carried this way.

(2) Through RBCs:

About 20 – 25% of CO2 is transported by the red blood cells as carbaminohaemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the amino groups on the polypeptide chains of haemoglobin and forms a compound known as carbaminohaemoglobin.

(3) Through sodium bicarbonate:

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported as sodium bicarbonate. As CO2 diffuses into the blood plasma, a large part of it combines with water to form carbonic acid in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc enzyme that speeds up the formation of carbonic acid. This carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO3–) and hydrogen ions (H+).