NEET Chemistry Syllabus

Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Unit II: Structure of Atom

Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Unit V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

Unit VI: Thermodynamics

Unit VII: Equilibrium

Unit VIII: Redox Reactions

Unit IX: Hydrogen

Unit X: s-Block Element (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)

Unit XI: Some p-Block Elements

Unit XII: Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons

Unit XIV: Environmental Chemistry

Unit 1 – Some basic concepts of Chemistry

General Introduction – Importance and Scope of chemistry

Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: the concept of elements, atoms and molecules

Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry

Unit 2 – Structure of Atom

Atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbital, quantum  numbers, shapes of s,p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principles and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals

Unit 3 – Classification of elements and periodicity in properties

Modern periodic law and long term form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements – atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, election gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence

Unit 4 – Chemical Bonding and molecular structure

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only). Hydrogen bond

Unit 5 – States of matter – Gases and Liquids

Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas of elucidating the concept of molecule, Boyle’s law, Charle’s Law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour of gases, empirical derivation of gas equation. Avogadro number, ideal gas equation. Kinetic energy and molecular speeds(elementary idea), deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature

Liquid state – Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)

Unit 6 – Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics – internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of: bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution.

Introduction of entropy as state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity.

Unit 7 – Equllibrium

Equilibrium in Physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium – ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH., Hydrolysis of salts(elementary idea), buffer solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples)

Unit 8 – Redox reactions

Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers

Unit 9 – Hydrogen

Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses and structure

Unit 10 – s-Block elements

(Alkali and alkaline earth metals) Group 1 and group 2 elements:

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses, Preparation and properties of some important compounds

Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium

Industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca

Unit 11 – Some p-block elements

General introduction to p-Block elements

Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, Boron, some important compounds: borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids and alkalies

General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation of states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element. Carbon, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties: uses of some important compounds: oxides

Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and zeolites, their uses

Unit 12 – Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques

General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitative analysis

Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds

Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation

Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radials, carbocations, carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions

Unit 13 – Hydrocarbons

Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis

Alkenes – Nomenclature, structure of double bond(ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition

Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water

Aromatic hydrocarbons – introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, Benzene; resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution – Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity

Unit 14 – Environmental Chemistry

Environmental pollution – Air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, green house effect and global warming- pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution

Unit I: Solution

Unit II: Electrochemistry

Unit III: Chemical Kinetics

Unit IV: The D and F-Block Elements

Unit V: Coordination Compounds

Unit VI: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Unit VII: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Unit VIII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Unit IX: Amines

Unit X: Biomolecules

Unit XI: Hydrocarbons

Unit XII: Environmental Chemistry

Unit 1 – Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, the solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties abnormal molecular mass. Van Hoff factor

Unit 2 – Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry-cell-electrolytic cells and galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion

Unit 3 – Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction(average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory(elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenius equation

Unit 4 – The D and F-Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, color, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4

Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences

Actinoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids

Unit 5 – Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner’s theory VBT, CFT; importance of coordination compounds(in qualitative analysis, biological systems).

Unit 6 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Unit 7 – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols – Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol

Unit 8 – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones – Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, the reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.

Carboxylic acids: nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

Unit 9 – Amines

Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines

Unit 10 – Biomolecules

Carbohydrates – classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (Starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance

Proteins – Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.

Hormones – Elementary idea (excluding structure)

Vitamins – classification and function

Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA

Unit 11 – Hydrocarbons

Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis

Alkenes – Nomenclature, structure of double bond(ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition

Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water

Aromatic hydrocarbons – introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, Benzene; resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution – Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity

Unit 12 – Environmental Chemistry

Environmental pollution – Air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, green house effect and global warming- pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.