In the following figure, ABC is a right angled triangle in which ∠A = 90°, AB = 21 cm and AC = 28 cm. Semi-circles are described on AB, BC and AC as diameters. Find the area of the shaded region.
We have given three semi-circles and one right angled triangle.
$\therefore$ Area of shaded region $=$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter
+ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AC}$ as a diameter
+ Area of right angled $\mathrm{ABC}$
- Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{BC}$ as a diameter
Let us calculate the area of the semi-circle with AB as a diameter.
Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi\left(\frac{21}{2}\right)^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{21}{2}\right)^{2}$
Now we will find the area of the semi-circle with AC as a diameter.
Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AC}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi\left(\frac{28}{2}\right)^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{28}{2}\right)^{2}$
Now we will find the length of BC.
In right angled triangle ABC, we will use Pythagoras theorem,
$B C^{2}=A B^{2}+A C^{2}$
$\therefore B C^{2}=21^{2}+28^{2}$
$\therefore B C^{2}=441+784$
$\therefore B C^{2}=1225$
$\therefore B C=35$
Now we will calculate the area of the right angled triangle ABC.
$A(\triangle A B C)=\frac{1}{2} \times A B \times A C$
$\therefore A(\triangle A B C)=\frac{1}{2} \times 21 \times 28$
$\therefore A(\triangle A B C)=21 \times 14$
$\therefore A(\triangle A B C)=294$
Now we will find the area of the semi-circle with BC as a diameter.
Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{BC}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi\left(\frac{35}{2}\right)^{2}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of semi-circle with $\mathrm{AB}$ as a diameter $=\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{35}{2}\right)^{2}$
Now we will substitute all these values in equation (1).
$\therefore$ Area of the shaded region $=\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{21}{2}\right)^{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{28}{2}\right)^{2}+294-\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{35}{2}\right)^{2}$
$\therefore$ Area of the shaded region $=\frac{\pi}{8}\left(21^{2}+28^{2}-35^{2}\right)+294$
$\therefore$ Area of the shaded region $=\frac{\pi}{8}(441+784-1225)+294$
$\therefore$ Area of the shaded region $=\frac{\pi}{8}(1225-1225)+294$
$\therefore$ Area of the shaded region $=294$
Therefore, area of shaded region is $294 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$