Mark the tick against the correct answer in the following:
Let $S$ be the set of all triangles in a plane and let $R$ be a relation on $S$ defined by $\Delta_{1} S \Delta_{2} \Leftrightarrow \Delta_{1} \equiv A_{2}$. Then, $R$ is
A. reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
B. reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
C. symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
D. an equivalence relation
According to the question,
Given set $\mathrm{S}=\{\ldots$ All triangles in plane.... $\}$
And $R=\left\{\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}\right): \Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2} \in S\right.$ and $\left.\Delta_{1} \equiv \Delta_{2}\right\}$
Formula
For a relation $R$ in set $A$
Reflexive
The relation is reflexive if $(a, a) \in R$ for every $a \in A$
Symmetric
The relation is Symmetric if $(a, b) \in R$, then $(b, a) \in R$
Transitive
Relation is Transitive if $(a, b) \in R \&(b, c) \in R$, then $(a, c) \in R$
Equivalence
If the relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, it is an equivalence relation.
Check for reflexive
Consider, $\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{1}\right)$
$\therefore$ We know every triangle is congruent to itself.
$\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{1}\right) \in \mathrm{R}$ all $\Delta_{1} \in \mathrm{S}$
Therefore , R is reflexive ……. (1)
Check for symmetric
$\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}\right) \in \mathrm{R}$ then $\Delta_{1}$ is congruent to $\Delta_{2}$
$\left(\Delta_{2}, \Delta_{1}\right) \in R$ then $\Delta_{2}$ is congruent to $\Delta_{1}$
Both the equation are the same and therefore will always be true.
Therefore , R is symmetric ……. (2)
Check for transitive
Let $\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}, \Delta_{3} \in S$ such that $\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}\right) \in R$ and $\left(\Delta_{2}, \Delta_{3}\right) \in R$
Then $\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{2}\right) \in \mathrm{R}$ and $\left(\Delta_{2}, \Delta_{3}\right) \in \mathrm{R}$
$\Rightarrow \Delta_{1}$ is congruent to $\Delta_{2}$, and $\Delta_{2}$ is congruent to $\Delta_{3}$
$\Rightarrow \Delta_{1}$ is congruent to $\Delta_{3}$
$\therefore\left(\Delta_{1}, \Delta_{3}\right) \in \mathrm{R}$
Therefore, $R$ is transitive
(3)
Now, according to the equations (1), (2), (3)
Correct option will be (D)
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