Consider the two idealized systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length L >> R, the radius of the
cross-section. In (i) E is ideally treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside.
These idealised assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as below:
(a) case (i) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields
(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields
(c) case (i) agrees with
$\oint E . d l=0$
(d) case (ii) contradicts
$\oint H . d l=I_{e m}$
(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields
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