Ray Optics – JEE Advanced Previous Year Questions with Solutions

JEE Advanced Previous Year Questions of Physics with Solutions are available at eSaral. Practicing JEE Advanced Previous Year Papers Questions of Physics will help the JEE aspirants in realizing the question pattern as well as help in analyzing weak & strong areas.

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Paragraph for Questions 12 and 13

Most materials have the refractive index, n>1. So, when a light ray from air enters a naturally occurring material, then by Snell’s law, $\frac{\sin \theta_{1}}{\sin \theta_{2}}=\frac{n_{2}}{n_{1}}$ , it is understood that the refracted ray bends towards the normal. But it never emerges on the same side of the normal as the incident ray. According to electromagnetism, the refractive index of the medium is given by the relation, $n=\left(\frac{c}{v}\right)=\pm \sqrt{\varepsilon_{r} \mu_{r}}$ , where c is the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, v its speed in the medium, $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{r}}$ are the relative permittivity and permeability of the medium respectively.

In normal materials, both $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{r}}$ are positive, implying positive n for the medium. When both $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{r}}$ are negative, one must choose the negative root of n. Such negative refractive index materials can now be artificially prepared and are called meta-materials. They exhibit significantly different optical behaviour, without violating any physical laws. Since n is negative, it results in a change in the direction of propagation of the refracted light. However, similar to normal materials, the frequency of light remains unchanged upon refraction even in meta materials.

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Paragraph for Question No. 23 and 24

Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of thin solid glass cylinder of refractive index $\mathbf{n}_{1}$ surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index $\mathrm{n}_{2}$. The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total internal reflections at the interface of the media $\mathbf{n}_{1}$ and $\mathrm{n}_{2}$ as shown in the figure. All rays with the angle of incidence i less than a particular value of $\dot{l}_{\mathrm{m}}$ are confined in the medium of refractive index $\mathrm{n}_{1}$. The numerical aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as sin $i_{\mathrm{m}}$.

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