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Potential Energy of Magnetic Dipole in Magnetic Field || Magnetism Class 12 Physics Notes

JEE Mains & Advanced

Potential Energy of magnetic dipole in a magnetic field is defined as the amount of work done in rotating the dipole from zero potential energy position to any desired position.

A current loop does not experience a net force in a magnetic field. It, however, experiences a torque. This is very similar to the behavior of an electric dipole in an electric field. A current loop, therefore, behaves like a magnetic dipole.

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Potential Energy of a Bar Magnet in Uniform Magnetic Field

When a bar magnet of dipole moment M is kept in a uniform magnetic field B it experiences a torque $\tau=M B \sin \theta$ which tries to align it parallel to the direction of the field.

If the magnet is to be rotated against this torque work has to be done.

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The work done in rotating dipole by small-angle d$\theta $ is $d W =\tau d \theta$

Total work done in rotating it from angle $\theta_{1}$ to $\theta_{2}$ is

$\mathrm{W}=\int \mathrm{dW}=\int_{\theta_{1}}^{\theta_{2}} \tau \mathrm{d} \theta=\mathrm{MB} \int_{\theta_{1}}^{\theta_{2}} \sin \theta \mathrm{d} \theta$

$=\operatorname{MB}\left(\cos \theta_{1}-\cos \theta_{2}\right)$

This work done in rotating the magnet is stored inside the magnet as its potential energy.

So U = MB $\left(\cos \theta_{1}-\cos \theta_{2}\right)$

The potential energy of a bar magnet in a magnetic field is defined as work done in rotating it from a direction perpendicular to the field to any given direction.

$U = W _{ \theta }- W _{\frac{\pi}{2}}=- MB \cos \theta=-\overrightarrow{ M } \cdot \overrightarrow{ B }$

Potential Energy of Magnetic Dipole in Magnetic Field

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Biot Savart's Law    

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Comments

Sateesh
Feb. 15, 2021, 6:33 p.m.
Where thita 1 taken Is angle take from equlibrium Or perpendicular I cont
SREEHARI
Nov. 9, 2020, 4:44 p.m.
It is very comfortable for students to learn
Gowthamreddy
Sept. 13, 2020, 11:39 a.m.
Expression for period of a magnetic dipole kept in a uniform magnetic field
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