eSaral - JEE | NEET | Class 8-10 Exam Prep App

What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport?

Question: What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport? Solution: pCO2plays an important role in the transportation of oxygen. At the alveolus, the low pCO2and high pO2favours the formation of haemoglobin. At the tissues, the high pCO2and low pO2favours the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin. Hence, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is enhanced by the decrease of pCO2in blood. Therefore, oxygen is transported in blood as oxyhaemoglobin and oxygen dissociates from it at the tissues...

State whether each of the following set is finite or infinite:

Question: State whether each of the following set is finite or infinite: (i) The set of lines which are parallel to thex-axis (ii) The set of letters in the English alphabet (iii) The set of numbers which are multiple of 5 (iv) The set of animals living on the earth (v) The set of circles passing through the origin (0, 0) Solution: (i)The set of lines which are parallel to thex-axis is an infinite set because lines parallel to thex-axis are infinite in number. (ii)The set of letters in the Engli...

How is respiration regulated?

Question: How is respiration regulated? Solution: The respiratory rhythm centre present in the medulla region of the brain is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiration. The pneumotaxic centre can alter the function performed by the respiratory rhythm centre by signalling to reduce the inspiration rate. The chemosensitive region present near the respiratory centre is sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. This region then signals to change the rate of expiration for eliminat...

Which of the following sets are finite or infinite

Question: Which of the following sets are finite or infinite (i) The set of months of a year (ii) {1, 2, 3 ...} (iii) {1, 2, 3 ... 99, 100} (iv) The set of positive integers greater than 100 (v) The set of prime numbers less than 99 Solution: (i)The set of months of a year is a finite set because it has 12 elements. (ii){1, 2, 3 } is an infinite set as it has infinite number of natural numbers. (iii){1, 2, 3 99, 100} is a finite set because the numbers from 1 to 100 are finite in number. (iv)The...

Use Lewis symbols to show electron transfer between the following atoms to form cations and anions

Question: Use Lewis symbols to show electron transfer between the following atoms toform cations and anions (a) K and S (b) Ca and O (c) Al and N. Solution: (a)K and S: The electronic configurations of K and S are as follows: K: 2, 8, 8, 1 S: 2, 8, 6 Sulphur (S) requires 2 more electrons to complete its octet. Potassium (K) requires one electron more than the nearest noble gas i.e., Argon. Hence, the electron transfer can be shown as: (b)Ca and O: The electronic configurations of Ca and O are as...

Which of the following are examples of the null set

Question: Which of the following are examples of the null set (i) Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2 (ii) Set of even prime numbers (iii) {x:xis a natural numbers,x 5 andx 7 } (iv) {y:yis a point common to any two parallel lines} Solution: (i)A set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2 is a null set because no odd number is divisible by 2. (ii)A set of even prime numbers is not a null set because 2 is an even prime number. (iii){x:xis a natural number,x 5 andx 7} is a null set because a n...

Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.

Question: Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions. Solution: Inspiration or inhalation is the process of bringing air from outside the body into the lungs. It is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere. When air enters the lungs, the diaphragm contracts toward the abdominal cavity, thereby increasing the space in the thoracic cavity for accommodating the inhaled air. The volume of the thoracic chamber in the anteroposterior axis increas...

Match each of the set on the left in the roster form with the same set on the right described in set-builder form:

Question: (i){1, 2, 3, 6} (a){x:xis a prime number and a divisor of 6} (ii){2, 3} (b){x:xis an odd natural number less than 10} (iii){M, A,T, H, E, I,C, S} (c){x:xis natural number and divisor of 6} (iv){1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (d){x:xis a letter of the word MATHEMATICS} Solution: (i)All the elements of this set are natural numbers as well as the divisors of 6. Therefore,(i)matches with(c). (ii)It can be seen that 2 and 3 are prime numbers. They are also the divisors of 6. Therefore,(ii)matches with(a). ...

List all the elements of the following sets:

Question: (i) $A=\{x: x$ is an odd natural number $\}$ (ii) $B=\left\{x: x\right.$ is an integer, $\left.-\frac{1}{2}x\frac{9}{2}\right\}$ (iii) $C=\left\{x: x\right.$ is an integer, $\left.x^{2} \leq 4\right\}$ (iv) $D=\{x: x$ is a letter in the word "LOYAL" $\}$ (v) $E=\{x: x$ is a month of a year not having 31 days $\}$ (vi) $\mathrm{F}=\{x: x$ is a consonant in the English alphabet which proceeds $k\}$. Solution: (i) $A=\{x: x$ is an odd natural number $\}=\{1,3,5,7,9 \ldots\}$ (ii) $\mathrm...

What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?

Question: What will be the pO2and pCO2in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (i) pO2lesser, pCO2higher (ii) pO2higher, pCO2lesser (iii) pO2higher, pCO2higher (iv) pO2lesser, pCO2lesser Solution: Answer: (ii)pO2higher, pCO2lesser The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air is higher than that of oxygen in alveolar air. In atmospheric air, pO2is about 159 mm Hg. In alveolar air, it is about 104 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air is lesser ...

What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?

Question: What will be the pO2and pCO2in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (i) pO2lesser, pCO2higher (ii) pO2higher, pCO2lesser (iii) pO2higher, pCO2higher (iv) pO2lesser, pCO2lesser Solution: Answer: (ii)pO2higher, pCO2lesser The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air is higher than that of oxygen in alveolar air. In atmospheric air, pO2is about 159 mm Hg. In alveolar air, it is about 104 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air is lesser ...

Write the resonance structures for SO3, NO2 and.

Question: Write the resonance structures for $\mathrm{SO}_{3}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$. Solution: The resonance structures are:...

What are the major transport mechanisms for $mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ? Explain.

Question: What are the major transport mechanisms for $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ? Explain. Solution: Plasma and red blood cells transport carbon dioxide. This is because they are readily soluble in water. (1) Through plasma: About $7 \%$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. Carbon dioxide combines with water and forms carbonic acid. Since the process of forming carbonic acid is slow, only a small amount of carbon dioxide is carried this way. (2) Through RBCs: About 20 25%...

Write the following sets in the set-builder form:

Question: Write the following sets in the set-builder form: (i) $(3,6,9,12)$ (ii) $\{2,4,8,16,32\}$ (iii) $\{5,25,125,625\}$ (iv) $\{2,4,6 \ldots\}$ (v) $\{1,4,9 \ldots 100\}$ Solution: (i){3, 6, 9, 12} = {x:x= 3n,n N and 1 n 4} (ii){2, 4, 8, 16, 32} It can be seen that $2=2^{1}, 4=2^{2}, 8=2^{3}, 16=2^{4}$, and $32=2^{5}$. $\therefore\{2,4,8,16,32\}=\left\{x: x=2^{n}, n \in N\right.$ and $\left.1 \leq n \leq 5\right\}$ (iii) $\{5,25,125,625\}$ It can be seen that $5=5^{1}, 25=5^{2}, 125=5^{3}$,...

H3PO3 can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below.

Question: $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}$ can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below. Can these two structures be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid representing $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}$ ? If not, give reasons for the same Solution: The given structures cannot be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid of H3PO3because the positions of the atoms have changed....

H3PO3 can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below.

Question: $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}$ can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below. Can these two structures be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid representing $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}$ ? If not, give reasons for the same Solution: The given structures cannot be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid of H3PO3because the positions of the atoms have changed....

Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the ion.

Question: Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the $\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}$ ion. Solution: According to experimental findings, all carbon to oxygen bonds in $\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}$ are equivalent. Hence, it is inadequate to represent $\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}$ ion by a single $\mathrm{Lewis}$ structure having two single bonds and one double bond. Therefore, carbonate ion is described as a resonance hybrid of the following structures:...

Define the bond length.

Question: Define the bond length. Solution: Bond length is defined as the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. Bond lengths are expressed in terms of Angstrom $\left(10^{-10} \mathrm{~m}\right)$ or picometer $\left(10^{-12} \mathrm{~m}\right)$ and are measured by spectroscopic $X$-ray diffractions and electron-diffraction techniques. In an ionic compound, the bond length is the sum of the ionic radii of the constituting atoms $\left(d=r_{+}+r_{-}\right)$. In...

What are the major transport mechanisms for $mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ? Explain.

Question: What are the major transport mechanisms for $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ? Explain. Solution: Plasma and red blood cells transport carbon dioxide. This is because they are readily soluble in water. (1) Through plasma: About $7 \%$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. Carbon dioxide combines with water and forms carbonic acid. $$ \mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} $$ (Carbonic acid) Since the process of forming c...

Write the following sets in roster form:

Question: Write the following sets in roster form: (i) $A=\{x: x$ is an integer and $-3x7\}$. (ii) $\mathrm{B}=\{x: x$ is a natural number less than 6$\}$. (iii) $C=\{x: x$ is a two-digit natural number such that the sum of its digits is 8$\}$ (iv) $D=\{x: x$ is a prime number which is divisor of 60$\}$. (v) $E=$ The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY. (vi) $F=$ The set of all letters in the word BETTER. Solution: (i) $A=\{x: x$ is an integer and $-3x7\}$ The elements of this set are $-...

How do you express the bond strength in terms of bond order?

Question: How do you express the bond strength in terms of bond order? Solution: Bond strength represents the extent of bonding between two atoms forming a molecule. The larger the bond energy, the stronger is the bond and the greater is the bond order....

Although geometries of NH3 and H2O molecules are distorted tetrahedral,

Question: Although geometries of $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that of ammonia. Discuss. Solution: The molecular geometry of $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ can be shown as: The central atom (N) in NH3has one lone pair and there are three bond pairs. In H2O, there are two lone pairs and two bond pairs. The two lone pairs present in the oxygen atom of H2O molecule repels the two bond pairs....

Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?

Question: Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why? Solution: Each alveolus is made up of highly-permeable and thin layers of squamous epithelial cells. Similarly, the blood capillaries have layers of squamous epithelial cells. Oxygenrich air enters the body through the nose and reaches the alveoli. The deoxygenated (carbon dioxide-rich) blood from the body is brought to the heart by the veins. The heart pumps it to the lungs for...

Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Insert the appropriate symbol ∈or ∉ in the blank spaces:

Question: Let $A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\} .$ Insert the appropriate symbol \inor $\notin$ in the blank spaces: (i) $5 \ldots \mathrm{A}$ (ii) $8 \ldots \mathrm{A}$ (iii) $0 \ldots \mathrm{A}$ (iv) $4 \ldots A$ (v) $2 \ldots A$ (vi) 10...A Solution: (i) $5 \in A$ (ii) $8 \notin \mathrm{A}$ (iii) $0 \notin \mathrm{A}$ (iv) $4 \in A$ (v) $2 \in \mathrm{A}$ (vi) $10 \notin \mathrm{A}$...

State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.

Question: State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing. Solution: The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration is known as functional residual capacity (FRC). It includes expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). ERV is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration. It is about 1000 mL to 1500 mL. RV is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration. It is about 1100 mL to 1500 mL. FRC =...

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